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Memorialism as distinct from worship can, I think , be seen in a different context illustrated by an incident which occurred in Kwangtung in 1867. The country magistrate and 'gentry' of En-p’inghsien raised money for the repair of the local Confucian temple by proposing to build an academy (shu-yüan) to serve as a shrine in honour of local men. People who contributed to the building fund were entitled to put their ancestors' tablets in the shrine, in positions of honour varying with the amounts donated. It proved a successful idea and was copied by others.
People in the Ssu-i (the four counties — T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, En-p'ing), for example, though not far from Canton, have their own distinct dialect, which is scarcely intelligible to an ordinary Cantonese.
This is a local tradition in Chang-chou (K’ang-yu chi-hsing 14, 3a); in nearby Ch’ao-chou (Kuangtung) the Confucianist Han Yu is regarded as responsible (Ch ‘iu-yü-wan sui-pi 6, 23b). How far this custom was accepted, is not clear; in En-p’ing (Kuangtung) it was supposedly common (Chung-hua ch’üan-kuo feng-su chih, part 1, chapt. 8, p. 48), while in Yang-chiang (Kuangtung) only upper class women practised it (Yang-chiang hsien-chih 1, p. 63b).
In addition to the language difference between the two major ethnic groups, there are differences among the Cantonese themselves. For example, people in four counties to the southwest of Canton- in T'ai-shan, K'ai-p'ing, Hsin-hui, and En-p'ing counties- speak a version of Cantonese which is almost unintelligible to residents of Canton.
Leon E. Seltzer, editor (1952), “Yanping”, in The Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, Morningside Heights, NY: Columbia University Press, →OCLC, page 2116, column 1: “Mandarin En-p’ing”