Februarius

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See also: februarius

English

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Etymology

From Latin Februārius.

Proper noun

Februarius

  1. (historical) The shortest month of the Ancient Roman calendar, from which the Julian and Gregorian month of February derived.

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Februa +‎ -ārius. From februum (“means of purification, an offering”), via the purification ritual Februa held on February 15 in the old Roman calendar.

Pronunciation

Adjective

Februārius (feminine Februāria, neuter Februārium); first/second-declension adjective

  1. of February

Usage notes

In Classical Latin, month names were regularly used as adjectives, generally modifying a case-form of mēnsis m sg (“month”) or of one of the nouns used in the Roman calendar to refer to specific days of the month from which other days were counted: Calendae f pl (“calends”), Nōnae f pl (“nones”), Īdūs f pl (“ides”). However, the masculine noun mēnsis could be omitted by ellipsis, so the masculine singular forms of month names eventually came to be used as proper nouns.[1]

The accusative plural adjective forms Aprīlīs, Septembrīs, Octōbrīs, Novembrīs, Decembrīs[2] are ambiguous in writing, being spelled identically to the genitive singular forms of the nouns; nevertheless, the use of ablative singular forms in -ī and comparison with the usage of other month names as adjectives supports the interpretation of -is as an accusative plural adjective ending in Classical Latin phrases such as "kalendas Septembris".[3]

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative Februārius Februāria Februārium Februāriī Februāriae Februāria
Genitive Februāriī Februāriae Februāriī Februāriōrum Februāriārum Februāriōrum
Dative Februāriō Februāriō Februāriīs
Accusative Februārium Februāriam Februārium Februāriōs Februāriās Februāria
Ablative Februāriō Februāriā Februāriō Februāriīs
Vocative Februārie Februāria Februārium Februāriī Februāriae Februāria

Proper noun

Februārius m sg (genitive Februāriī or Februārī); second declension

  1. February (short for mēnsis Februārius)

Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.

Case Singular
Nominative Februārius
Genitive Februāriī
Februārī1
Dative Februāriō
Accusative Februārium
Ablative Februāriō
Vocative Februārī

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants

  • Late Latin: Febrārius (see there for further descendants)
Borrowings

See also

References

  1. ^ Karl Gottlob Zumpt (1853) Leonhard Schmitz, Charles Anthon, transl., A Grammar of the Latin Language, 3rd edition, pages 31, 85
  2. ^ Gaeng, Paul A. (1968) An Inquiry into Local Variations in Vulgar Latin: As Reflected in the Vocalism of Christian Inscriptions, page 183
  3. ^ Frost, P. (1861) The Germania and Agricola of Tacitus, page 161

Further reading

  • “Fĕbrŭārĭus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “Februārius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • fĕbrŭārĭus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette: “657/3”
  • “Februārius” on page 683/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
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