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Again, Yü-tʻien or Ho-tʻien (Khotan), as it is now called, has been from time immemorial devoted to Mahometanism, as is amply borne out by Illustrated Notices of Western Countries, printed by Imperial authority.
The Ho-t'ien Special District in the Uighur Autonomous Region of Sinkiang, lying north of the K'un-lun Mountain and south of the T'a-k'o-la-ma-kan Desert, suffered regularly before the liberation from the menace of drought and sand storm.
His last journey, begun in 1883, took him to the sources of the Hwang-ho, then to Lo-pu Po and finally to Ho-t'ien (Khotan), on the ancient Silk Road. He died at Karakol (near Lake Issyk-Kul), now named Przheval'sk after him.
In September of 1937, two regiments of Soviet Kirghiz troops and one regiment of Russian troops equipped with forty airplanes and twenty tanks entered Sinkiang from Atushe and attacked Pa-ch'u, dividing Ma Hu-shan's 36th Corps into two sections. In October one Kirghiz regiment entered P'i-shan, and Ma Hu-shan fled to India. Kirghiz and Russian forces were now in occupation of Hami and poised to strike at Ho-t'ien in the extreme south of Sinkiang.