Module:IPA/data/symbols

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This module needs documentation.
Please document this module by describing its purpose and usage on the documentation page.

See also: Module:IPA/testcases

symbols

m.symbols

This table consists of keys that are valid IPA symbols (which may be a single character or a set of characters), each of which has a table containing title and link. An XSAMPA field was formerly included, but X-SAMPA data is now housed in Module:IPA/data/X-SAMPA.

title
link
XSAMPA

Source: http://en.wikipedia.orghttps://dictious.com/en/X-SAMPA

Substitutions Text in the table is neutered for HTML text or attributes with the following

HTML Latin entity " used for " HTML Latin entity ' used for ' Escaped backslash \\ used for \ HTML Latin entity < used for < HTML Latin entity > used for > HTML Latin entity & used for &

Not represented in the table

"*" undefined escape character, SAMPA's "conjunctor" "/" indeterminacy in French vowels "<" begin nonsegmental notation (e.g., SAMPROSA) ">" end nonsegmental notation "_<" implosive (IPA uses separate symbols for implosives)

Replacement Character (0xFFFD) is used for unrepresentable characters


local data = {}
--[=[	Valid IPA symbols.
		Currently almost all values of "title" and "link" keys
		are just the comments that were used in ].
		The "link" fields should be checked (those that start with an uppercase letter are checked). ]=]
	--[=[
local phones = {}

-- Vowels.
phones = {
	close = true,
	front = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	front = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	front = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	front = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	open = true,
	front = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	close = true,
	front = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	front = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	front = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	open = true,
	front = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	close = true,
	central = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	rhotic = true,
	 = true,
	central = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	mid = true,
	central = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	rhotic = true,
	mid = true,
	central = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	close = true,
	central = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	central = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	close = true,
	back = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	back = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	back = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	open = true,
	back = true,
	unrounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	close = true,
	back = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	back = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	back = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

phones = {
	open = true,
	back = true,
	rounded = true,
	vowel = true,
}

-- Nasals.
phones = {
	voiced = true,
	bilabial = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	labiodental = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velodorsal = true,
	nasal = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	uvular = true,
	nasal = true,
}

-- Plosives.
phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	bilabial = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	bilabial = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	alveolar = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	retroflex = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	palatal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velar = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velodorsal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velodorsal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	uvular = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	uvular = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	 = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	 = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	epiglottal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

phones = {
	glottal = true,
	plosive = true,
}

-- Fricatives.
phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	bilabial = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	bilabial = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	 = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	labiodental = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	labiodental = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	dental = true,
	 = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	dental = true,
	 = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	alveolar = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	alveolar = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	postalveolar = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	postalveolar = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	retroflex = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	retroflex = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	 = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	 = true,
	sibilant = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	palatal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	palatal = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	 = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velar = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velar = true,
	lateral = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velopharyngeal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	uvular = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	uvular = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	pharyngeal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	pharyngeal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	epiglottal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	epiglottal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	glottal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	glottal = true,
	fricative = true,
}

-- Approximants.
phones = {
	voiced = true,
	labiodental = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	 = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	 = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	lateral = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	 = true,
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	lateral = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	lateral = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	lateral = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	approximant = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	lateral = true,
	approximant = true,
}

-- Flaps.
phones = {
	voiced = true,
	labiodental = true,
	flap = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	flap = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	lateral = true,
	flap = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	flap = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	lateral = true,
	flap = true,
}

-- Trills.
phones = {
	voiced = true,
	bilabial = true,
	trill = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	trill = true,
}

phones = {
	voiceless = true,
	velopharyngeal = true,
	trill = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	uvular = true,
	trill = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	pharyngeal = true,
	trill = true,
}

-- Clicks.
phones = {
	bilabial = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	dental = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	alveolar = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	retroflex = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	palatal = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	velar = true,
	click = true,
}

phones = {
	lateral = true,
	click = true,
}

-- Implosives.
phones = {
	voiced = true,
	bilabial = true,
	implosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	alveolar = true,
	implosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	retroflex = true,
	implosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	palatal = true,
	implosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	velar = true,
	implosive = true,
}

phones = {
	voiced = true,
	uvular = true,
	implosive = true,
}

-- Percussives.
phones = {
	bilabial = true,
	percussive = true,
}

phones = {
	bidental = true,
	percussive = true,
}

phones = {
	sublaminal = true,
	 = true,
	percussive = true,
}
]=]
local U = require("Module:string utilities").char

data = {
	-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS

	-- nasal
	 = {
		title = "bilabial nasal",
		link = "w:Bilabial nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "labiodental nasal",
		link = "w:Labiodental nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "alveolar nasal",
		link = "w:Alveolar nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "retroflex nasal",
		link = "w:Retroflex nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "palatal nasal",
		link = "w:Palatal nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "velar nasal",
		link = "w:Velar nasal",
	},
	 = {
		title = "uvular nasal",
		link = "w:Uvular nasal",
	},

	-- plosive
	 = {
		title = "voiceless bilabial plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless bilabial stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced bilabial plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced bilabial stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless alveolar plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless alveolar stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced alveolar plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced alveolar stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless retroflex plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless retroflex stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced retroflex plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced retroflex stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless palatal plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless palatal stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced palatal plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced palatal stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless velar plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless velar stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced velar plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced velar stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless uvular plosive",
		link = "w:Voiceless uvular stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced uvular plosive",
		link = "w:Voiced uvular stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "epiglottal plosive",
		link = "w:Epiglottal stop",
	},
	 = {
		title = "glottal stop",
		link = "w:Glottal stop",
	},

	-- fricative
	 = {
		title = "voiceless bilabial fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless bilabial fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced bilabial fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced bilabial fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless labiodental fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless labiodental fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced labiodental fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced labiodental fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless dental fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless dental fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced dental fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced dental fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless alveolar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless alveolar fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced alveolar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced alveolar fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless postalveolar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced postalveolar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless retroflex fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless retroflex sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced retroflex fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced retroflex sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced alveolo-palatal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless palatal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless palatal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced palatal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced palatal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless velar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless velar fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced velar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced velar fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless uvular fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless uvular fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced uvular fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced uvular fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless pharyngeal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced pharyngeal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced pharyngeal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless epiglottal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless epiglottal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced epiglottal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced epiglottal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless glottal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless glottal fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced glottal fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced glottal fricative",
	},

	-- approximant
	 = {
		title = "labiodental approximant",
		link = "w:Labiodental approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "alveolar approximant",
		link = "w:Alveolar approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "retroflex approximant",
		link = "w:Retroflex approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "palatal approximant",
		link = "w:Palatal approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "velar approximant",
		link = "w:Velar approximant",
	},

	-- tap, flap
	 = {
		title = "labiodental tap",
		link = "w:Labiodental flap",
	},
	 = {
		title = "alveolar flap",
		link = "w:Alveolar flap",
	},
	 = {
		title = "retroflex flap",
		link = "w:Retroflex flap",
	},

	-- trill
	 = {
		title = "bilabial trill",
		link = "w:Bilabial trill",
	},
	 = {
		title = "alveolar trill",
		link = "w:Alveolar trill",
	},
	 = {
		title = "uvular trill",
		link = "w:Uvular trill",
	},
	 = {
		title = "epiglottal trill",
		link = "w:Epiglottal trill",
	},

	-- lateral fricative
	 = {
		title = "voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
		link = "w:Voiced alveolar lateral fricative",
	},
	 --	no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
	-- = {title = "voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless retroflex lateral fricative"},
	 -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
	-- = {title = "voiceless palatal lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless palatal lateral fricative"},
	 -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE:3
	-- = {title = "voiceless velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiceless velar lateral fricative"},
	-- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
	-- = {title = "voiced velar lateral fricative", link = "w:voiced velar lateral fricative"},

	-- lateral approximant
	 = {
		title = "alveolar lateral approximant",
		link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "retroflex lateral approximant",
		link = "w:Retroflex lateral approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "palatal lateral approximant",
		link = "w:Palatal lateral approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "velar lateral approximant",
		link = "w:Velar lateral approximant",
	},

	-- lateral flap
	 = {
		title = "alveolar lateral flap",
		link = "w:Alveolar lateral flap",
	},
	-- = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE
	-- = {title = "retroflex lateral flap", link = "w:retroflex lateral flap"}, -- no precomposed Unicode character --TOMOVE

	-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS

	-- clicks
	 = {
		title = "bilabial click",
		link = "w:Bilabial clicks",
	},
	 = {
		title = "dental click",
		link = "w:Dental clicks",
	},
	 = {
		title = "postalveolar click",
		link = "w:Alveolar clicks",
	},
	 = {
		title = "subapical retroflex",
		link = "w:Retroflex clicks",
	}, --	NOT IN X-SAMPA
	 = {
		title = "palatal click",
		link = "w:Palatal clicks",
	},
	 = {
		title = "alveolar lateral click",
		link = "w:Lateral clicks",
	},

	-- implosives
	 = {
		title = "voiced bilabial implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced bilabial implosive",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced alveolar implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced alveolar implosive",
	},
	-- NOT IN X-SAMPA
	 = {
		title = "retroflex implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced retroflex implosive",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced palatal implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced palatal implosive",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced velar implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced velar implosive",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced uvular implosive",
		link = "w:Voiced uvular implosive",
	},

	-- ejectives
	 = {
		title = "ejective",
		link = "w:Ejective consonant",
	},

	-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
	 = {
		title = "voiceless labial-velar fricative",
		link = "w:Voiceless labio-velar approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "labial-velar approximant",
		link = "w:Labio-velar approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "labial-palatal approximant",
		link = "w:Labialized palatal approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiceless palatal-velar fricative",
		link = "w:Sj-sound",
	},

	-- should be handled in ] and not through this table
	-- BRACKETS
	--[[
	--  = {
		title = "morphophonemic",
		link = "w:morphophonemic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "phonemic",
		link = "w:phonemic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "phonetic",
		link = "w:phonetic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "phonetic",
		link = "w:phonetic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "orthographic",
		link = "w:orthographic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "orthographic",
		link = "w:orthographic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "orthographic",
		link = "w:orthographic",
	},
	 = {
		title = "orthographic",
		link = "w:orthographic",
	},
	]]

	-- VOWELS

	-- close
	 = {
		title = "close front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close front rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close front rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close central unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close central unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close central rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close central rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close back unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close back unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close back rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close back rounded vowel",
	},

	-- near close
	 = {
		title = "near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "near-close near-front rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-close near-front rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "near-close central unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-close central unrounded vowel",
	},
	 -- (alternative) --TOMOVE
	--[[
	 = {
		title = "near-close central unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:near-close central unrounded vowel",
	},	]]
	 = {
		title = "near-close central rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-close central rounded vowel",
	},
	 --[[
	 (alternative) TOMOVE
	 = {
		title = "near-close central rounded vowel",
		link = "w:near-close central rounded vowel",
	},
	]]
	 = {
		title = "near-close near-back rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-close near-back rounded vowel",
	},

	--close mid
	 = {
		title = "close-mid front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close-mid front rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid front rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close-mid central unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid central unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close-mid central rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid central rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close-mid back unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid back unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "close-mid back rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Close-mid back rounded vowel",
	},

	-- mid
	 = {
		title = "schwa",
		link = "w:Schwa",
	},
	 = {
		title = "schwa+r",
		link = "w:R-colored vowel",
	},

	-- open mid
	 = {
		title = "open-mid front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid front rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid front rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid central unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid central unrounded vowel+r",
		link = "w:R-colored vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid central rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid central rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid back unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open-mid back rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open-mid back rounded vowel",
	},

	-- near open
	 = {
		title = "near-open front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Near-open front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "near-open central vowel",
		link = "w:Near-open central vowel",
	},

	-- open
	 = {
		title = "open front unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open front unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open front rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open front rounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open back unrounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open back unrounded vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "open back rounded vowel",
		link = "w:Open back rounded vowel",
	},

	-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
	 = {title = "primary stress", link = "w:Stress (linguistics)", XSAMPA = "\""},
	--[[
	 = {
		title = "extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead",
		link = "w:extra stress: no Unicode char; double primary stress instead",
		XSAMPA = ""
	}, --TOMOVE:3 ]]
	 = {
		title = "secondary stress",
		link = "w:Secondary stress",
	},
	 = {
		title = "long",
		link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "half long",
		link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "extra-short",
		link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
	},
	--[[
	 = {
		title = "syllable break",
		link = "w:syllable break",
	},
	]]
	--TOMOVE
	 = {
		title = "linking mark (absence of a break)",
		link = "w:Tie (typography)#International_Phonetic_Alphabet",
	},

	 = {
		title = "separator",
		link = "w:separator",
	},

	-- TONE

	-- level tones
	 = {
		title = "top",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "high",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "mid",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "low",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "bottom",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},

	 = {
		title = "extra high tone",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "high tone",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "mid tone",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "low tone",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},
	 = {
		title = "extra low tone",
		link = "w:Tone letter",
	},

	-- tone terracing
	 = {
		title = "upstep",
		link = "w:Upstep",
	},
	 = {
		title = "downstep",
		link = "w:Downstep",
	},

	-- contour tones
	 = {
		title = "rising tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "falling tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "high rising tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "low rising tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "high falling tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "low falling tone",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "rising falling tone (peaking)",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "dipping",
		link = "w:Tone (linguistics)",
	}, -- 

	-- intonation
	 = {
		title = "minor (foot) group",
		link = "w:Prosodic unit",
	},
	 = {
		title = "major (intonation) group",
		link = "w:Prosodic unit",
	},
	 = {
		title = "global rise",
		link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "global fall",
		link = "w:Intonation (linguistics)",
	},

	-- DIACRITICS

	-- syllabicity & releases
	 = {
		title = "syllabi ",
		link = "w:Syllabic consonant",
		withdescender = "̍"
	}, -- (or "_="
	 = {
		title = "non-syllabic",
		link = "w:Semivowel",
		withdescender = "̑"
	},
	 = {
		title = "aspirated",
		link = "w:Aspirated consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "nasal release",
		link = "w:Nasal release",
	},
	 = {
		title = "lateral release",
		link = "w:Lateral release (phonetics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "no audible release",
		link = "w:No audible release",
	},

	-- phonation
	 = {
		title = "voiceless",
		link = "w:Voicelessness",
		withdescender = "̊"
	},
	 = {
		title = "voiced",
		link = "w:Voice (phonetics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "breathy voice",
		link = "w:Breathy voice",
	},
	 = {
		title = "creaky voice",
		link = "w:Creaky voice",
	},
	 = {
		title = "strident",
		link = "w:Strident vowel",
	},

	-- primary articulation
	 = {
		title = "dental",
		link = "w:Dental consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "apical",
		link = "w:Apical consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "laminal",
		link = "w:Laminal consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "advanced",
		link = "w:Relative articulation#Advanced_and_retracted",
		withdescender = "˖"
	},
	 = {
		title = "retracted",
		link = "w:Relative articulation#Retracted",
		withdescender = "˗"
	},
	 = {
		title = "linguolabial",
		link = "w:Linguolabial consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "centralized",
		link = "w:Relative articulation#Centralized_vowels",
		XSAMPA = "_\""
	},
	 = {
		title = "mid-centralized",
		link = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized_vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "lowered",
		link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered",
		withdescender = "˕"
	},
	 = {
		title = "raised",
		link = "w:Relative articulation#Raised_and_lowered",
		withdescender = "˔"
	},
	 = {
		title = "coarticulated",
		link = "w:Co-articulated consonant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "strong articulation",
		link = "w:Fortis and lenis",
	},

	-- secondary articulation
	 = {
		title = "labialized",
		link = "w:Labialization",
	},
	 = {
		title = "palatalized",
		link = "w:Palatalization (phonetics)",
	},
	 = {
		title = "velarized",
		link = "w:Velarization",
	},
	 = {
		title = "pharyngealized",
		link = "w:Pharyngealization",
	},
	-- also see _e
	 = {
		title = "velarized alveolar lateral approximant",
		link = "w:Alveolar lateral approximant",
	},
	 = {
		title = "velarized or pharyngealized; also see 5",
		link = "w:Velarization",
	},
	 = {
		title = "more rounded",
		link = "w:Roundedness",
	},
	 = {
		title = "less rounded",
		link = "w:Roundedness",
	},
	 = {
		title = "nasalization",
		link = "w:Nasalization",
	},
	 = {
		title = "rhotacization in vowels, retroflexion in consonants",
		link = "w:R-colored vowel",
	},
	 = {
		title = "advanced tongue root",
		link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root",
	},
	 = {
		title = "retracted tongue root",
		link = "w:Advanced and retracted tongue root",
	},

}

data = {
	 -- TODO
	-- = {},
	-- = {},

	 = {
		title = "extra long",
		link = "w:Length (phonetics)",
	},
	
	 = {title = "voiceless alveolar trill", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar trill"},
	 = {title = "alveolar lateral ejective fricative", link = "w:Alveolar lateral ejective fricative"},
}
data = {
	 = {title = "voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolar affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiced alveolar sibilant affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolar affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", descender = true},
	 = {title = "voiced palato-alveolar affricate", link = "w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiceless retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiceless retroflex affricate", descender = true},
	 = {title = "voiced retroflex affricate", link = "w:Voiced retroflex affricate, descender = true"},
	 = {title = "voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate"},

	 = {title = "voiceless palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiceless palatal affricate, descender = true"},
	 = {title = "voiced palatal affricate", link = "w:Voiced palatal affricate, descender = true"},
	 = {title = "voiceless velar affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiced velar affricate", link = "w:Voiced velar affricate, descender = true"},
}
data = {
	 = {title = "alveolar linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks, descender = true"},
	 = {title = "lateral linguo-glottalic affricate (homorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks", descender = true},
}
data = {
	 = {title = "voiceless velar lateral affricate", link = "w:Voiceless velar lateral affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiced dental linguo-glottalic stop", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
	 = {title = "palatal linguo-glottalic affricate (heterorganic)", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}
data = {
	 = {title = "velar lateral ejective affricate", link = "w:Velar lateral ejective affricate"},
	 = {title = "voiced labial linguo-glottalic affricate", link = "w:Ejective-contour clicks"},
}

-- acute and grave tone marks
data.diacritics = U(
	-- grave, acute, circumflex, tilde, macron, breve
	0x300, 0x301, 0x302, 0x303, 0x304, 0x306,
	--	diaeresis, ring above, double acute, caron, vertical line above, double grave, left tack
	0x308, 0x30A, 0x30B, 0x30C, 0x30D, 0x30F, 0x318,
	--	right tack, left angle, left half ring below, up tack below, down tack below, plus sign below	
	0x319, 0x31A, 0x31C, 0x31D, 0x31E, 0x31F,
	--	minus sign below, rhotic hook below, dot below, diaeresis below, ring below, vertical line below, bridge below
	0x320, 0x322, 0x323, 0x324, 0x325, 0x329, 0x32A,
	--	caron below, inverted breve below
	0x32C, 0x32F,
	--	tilde below, combining tilde overlay, right half ring below, inverted bridge below, square below, seagull below, x above
	0x330, 0x334, 0x339, 0x33A, 0x33B, 0x33C, 0x33D,
	--	grave tone mark, acute tone mark, bridge above, equals sign below, double vertical line below
	0x340, 0x341, 0x346, 0x347, 0x348,
	--	left angle below, not tilde above, homothetic above, almost equal above, left right arrow below
	0x349, 0x34A, 0x34B, 0x34C, 0x34D,
	--	upwards arrow below, left arrowhead below, right arrowhead below
	0x34E, 0x354, 0x355,
	--	double rightwards arrow below, combining Latin small letter a
	0x362, 0x361,
	--	macron–acute, grave–macron, macron–grave, acute–macron, grave–acute–grave, acute–grave–acute
	0x1DC4, 0x1DC5, 0x1DC6, 0x1DC7, 0x1DC8, 0x1DC9)
	
data.tones = '˥˦˧˨˩꜒꜓꜔꜕꜖꜈꜉꜊꜋꜌꜍꜎꜏꜐꜑¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰'
data.vowels = 'iyɨʉɯuɪʏʊeøɘɵɤoəɚɛœɜɝɞʌɔæɐaɶɑɒäëïöüÿ'
data.superscripts = '¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸⁹⁰ᵝʰʱʲʳʴʵʶʷʸᶣ˞ˠˡˢꟹᵄᵊⁱᵏᵐᶬᵑᶮᶯᶰᵘᶹˀˤⁿᵇᵈᶢᶡᵡ'
data.valid =
	U(0xA0) .. ' %(%)%%{%|%}%-~⁓.◌abcdefhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz¡àáâãāăēäæçèéêëĕěħìíîïĩīĭĺḿǹńňðòóôõöōŏőœøŕùúûüũūŭűýÿŷŋ'
	.. 'ǀǁǂǃǎǐǒǔřǖǘǚǜǟǣǽǿȁȅȉȍȕȫȭȳɐɑɒɓɔɕɖɗɘəɚɛɜɝɞɟɠɡɢɣɤɥɦɧɨɪɫɬɭɮɯɰɱɲɳɴɵɶɸɹɺ𝼈ɻɽɾʀʁʂʃʄʈʉʊʋṽʌʍʎ𝼆ʏʐʑʒʔʕʘʞʙʛʜʝʟʡʢ𝼊ʬʭ⁻'
	.. 'ʼˈˌːˑˣ˔˕ˬ͗˭ˇ˖β͜θχᴙᶑ᷽ḁḛḭḯṍṏṳṵṹṻạẹẽịọụỳỵỹ‖․‥…‿↑↓↗↘ⱱꜛꜜꟸ𝆏𝆑˗⁽⁾ˋˊ'
	.. data.diacritics .. data.tones .. data.superscripts
data.per_lang_valid = {
	 = "V", -- V for uncertain vowel
}

-- Characters to add VARIATION SELECTOR-15 (U+FE0E) after.
-- These are characters with emoji variants that are used by default by some clients.
-- Adding VS15 after them instructs them to draw the characters as text instead.
data.add_vs15 = "↗↘"

data.invalid = {
	 = "ǃ",
	 = "ꜜ",
	 = "ꜛ",
	 = "ꜛ",
	 = "ˈ",
	 = "ʼ",
	 = "ː",
	-- Confusable Latin letters
	 = "ʙ",
	 = "ɡ",
	 = "ɢ",
	 = "ʛ",
	 = "ʜ",
	 = "ɪ",
	 = "ɪ",
	 = "ʟ",
	 = "ɴ",
	 = "ɶ",
	 = "ꞯ",
	 = "ʀ",
	 = "ʃ",
	 = "ǂ", -- due to confusion with obsolete 𝼋 below
	 = "β",
	 = "β",
	 = "ʏ",
	 = "ə",
	 = "ə",
	 = "ʔ",
	 = "ʔ",
	 = "ˤ",
	-- Confusable Greek letters
	 = "ɑ",
	 = "ɣ",
	 = "ð",
	 = "ɛ",
	 = "ʜ",
	 = "ŋ",
	 = "ɪ",
	 = "ʎ",
	 = "ʋ",
	 = "𝼊",
	 = "𝼊",
	 = "ɸ",
	 = "ɸ",
	 = "χ", -- Actually Latin, since IPA uses the Greek letter(!)
	-- Confusable Cyrillic letters
	 = "æ",
	 = "ə",
	 = "ə",
	 = "ʙ",
	 = "ʙ",
	 = "e",
	 = "ɜ",
	 = "ɜ",
	 = "s",
	 = "s",
	 = "i",
	 = "j",
	 = "ʜ",
	 = "ʜ",
	 = "o",
	 = "o",
	 = "p",
	 = "c",
	 = "y",
	 = "ʏ",
	 = "ʏ",
	 = "ɸ",
	 = "ɸ",
	 = "x",
	 = "h",
	 = "h",
	 = "ᴙ",
	 = "ᴙ",
	 = "𝼊",
	 = "𝼊",
	 = "ⱱ",
	 = "ⱱ",
	 = "ʕ",
	 = "ʕ",
	-- Palatalization
	 = "bʲ",
	 = "cʲ",
	 = "dʲ",
	 = "d̠ʲ",
	 = "d̠ʲ",
	 = "fʲ",
	 = "ɡʲ",
	 = "hʲ",
	 = "kʲ",
	 = "lʲ",
	 = "l̠ʲ",
	 = "l̠ʲ",
	 = "ɬʲ",
	 = "mʲ",
	 = "nʲ",
	 = "n̠ʲ",
	 = "n̠ʲ",
	 = "ŋʲ",
	 = "pʲ",
	 = "rʲ",
	 = "ɹʲ",
	 = "ɾʲ",
	 = "sʲ",
	 = "ɕ",
	 = "ᶝ",
	 = "ʃʲ",
	 = "ʃʲ",
	 = "tʲ",
	 = "t̠ʲ",
	 = "t̠ʲ",
	 = "vʲ",
	 = "xʲ",
	 = "zʲ",
	 = "ʒʲ",
	 = "ʒʲ",
	-- Retroflex
	 = "ʈ͡ʂ",
	 = "ɖ",
	 = "ɭ",
	 = "ɳ",
	 = "ɽ",
	 = "ʂ",
	 = "ʈ",
	-- Rhotic vowels
	 = "a˞",
	 = "ɑ˞",
	 = "e˞",
	 = "ɚ",
	 = "ɛ˞",
	 = "ɝ",
	 = "i˞",
	 = "ɨ˞",
	 = "o˞",
	 = "ɔ˞",
	 = "u˞",
	-- Syllabic fricatives
	 = "z̩",
	 = "ʐ̩",
	 = "z̩ʷ",
	 = "ʐ̩ʷ",
	-- Clicks
	 = "ǃ",
	 = "ǂ",
	 = "ǀ",
	 = "ǁ",
	 = "𝼊",
	-- Voiceless implosives
	 = "ʄ̊",
	 = "ɠ̊",
	 = "ɓ̥",
	 = "ʛ̥",
	 = "ɗ̥",
	 = "ᶑ̥",
	-- Monographs
	 = "ɸ",
	 = "ɪ",
	 = "r̝",
	 = "ʊ",
	 = "ʊ",
	 = "ᶷ",
	 = "t͡ɬ",
	 = "d͡z",
	 = "t͡s",
	-- Digraphs
	 = "b̪",
	 = "d͡z",
	 = "d͡ʑ",
	 = "ɖ͡ʐ",
	 = "d͡ʒ",
	 = "d͡ʒʲ",
	 = "d͡ᶚ",
	 = "ɬ͡s",
	 = "ɮ͡z",
	 = "p̪",
	 = "t͡s",
	 = "t͡ɕ",
	 = "ʈ͡ʂ",
	 = "t͡ʃ",
	 = "t͡ʃʲ",
	 = "t͡ᶘ",
	-- Deprecated or confusable diacritics
	 = "ʷ",
	 = "̃",
	 = "ʷ",
	 = "̚",
}

return data