Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word you have here. The definition of the word will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
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--[=[
	This module contains functions to implement quote-* templates.

	Author: Benwing2; conversion into Lua of {{quote-meta/source}} template,
	written by Sgconlaw with some help from Erutuon and Benwing2.

	You should replace a call to {{quote-meta/source|...}} with
	{{#invoke:quote|source_t|...}}, except that you only
	need to pass in arguments that aren't direct pass-throughs. For example,
	{{quote-book}} invoked {{quote-meta/source}} like this:
	
	{{quote-meta/source
    | last           = {{{last|}}}
    | first          = {{{first|}}}
    | author         = {{{author|{{{2|}}}}}}
    | authorlink     = {{{authorlink|}}}
    | last2          = {{{last2|}}}
    | first2         = {{{first2|}}}
    | author2        = {{{author2|}}}
    | authorlink2    = {{{authorlink2|}}}
	...
    | author5        = {{{author5|}}}
    | authorlink5    = {{{authorlink5|}}}
    | coauthors      = {{{coauthors|}}}
    | quotee         = {{{quotee|}}}
    | quoted_in      = {{{quoted_in|}}}
    | chapter        = {{{chapter|{{{entry|}}}}}}
    | chapterurl     = {{{chapterurl|{{{entryurl|}}}}}}
    | trans-chapter  = {{{trans-chapter|{{{trans-entry|}}}}}}
    | translator     = {{{trans|{{{translator|{{{translators|}}}}}}}}}
    | editor         = {{{editor|}}}
    | editors        = {{{editors|}}}
    ...
    }}
    
    This can be reduced to a call to the module like this:
    
	{{#invoke:quote|source_t
    | author         = {{{author|{{{2|}}}}}}
    | chapter        = {{{chapter|{{{entry|}}}}}}
    | chapterurl     = {{{chapterurl|{{{entryurl|}}}}}}
    | trans-chapter  = {{{trans-chapter|{{{trans-entry|}}}}}}
    | translator     = {{{trans|{{{translator|{{{translators|}}}}}}}}}
    ...
    }}

	None of the arguments that are simple passthroughs need to be passed in,
	because the source_t() function reads both the arguments passed to it *and*
	the arguments passed to the parent template, with the former overriding the
	latter.

	The module code should work like the template code, except that in a few
	situations I fixed apparent bugs in the template code in the process of
	porting.
]=]

local export = {}

local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rmatch = mw.ustring.match
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsplit = mw.text.split

local test_new_code = false
local test_new_code_with_errors = false

-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
	local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
	return retval
end

local function maintenance_line(text)
	return "<span class=\"maintenance-line\" style=\"color: #777777;\">(" .. text .. ")</span>"
end

local function isbn(text)
	return "]" ..
		require("Module:check isxn").check_isbn(text, "&nbsp;<span class=\"error\" style=\"font-size:88%\">Invalid&nbsp;ISBN</span>]")
end

local function issn(text)
	return "] " ..
		require("Module:check isxn").check_issn(text, "&nbsp;<span class=\"error\" style=\"font-size:88%\">Invalid&nbsp;ISSN</span>]")
end

local function format_date(text)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction{name="#formatdate", args=text}
end

local function tag_nowiki(text)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction{name="#tag", args={"nowiki", text}}
end

local function format_langs(langs)
	local langcodes = rsplit(langs, ",")
	local langnames = {}
	for _, langcode in ipairs(langcodes) do
		local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(langcode) or require("Module:languages").err(langcode, 1)
		table.insert(langnames, lang:getCanonicalName())
	end
	if #langnames == 1 then
		return langnames
	elseif #langnames == 2 then
		return langnames .. " and " .. langnames
	else
		local retval = {}
		for i, langname in ipairs(langnames) do
			table.insert(retval, langname)
			if i <= #langnames - 2 then
				table.insert(retval, ", ")
			elseif i == #langnames - 1 then
				table.insert(retval, "<span class=\"serial-comma\">,</span><span class=\"serial-and\"> and</span> ")
			end
		end
		return table.concat(retval, "")
	end
end

-- Fancy version of ine() (if-not-empty). Converts empty string to nil,
-- but also strips leading/trailing space and then single or double quotes,
-- to allow for embedded spaces.
-- FIXME! Copied directly from ru-noun. Move to utility package.
local function ine(arg)
	if not arg then return nil end
	arg = rsub(arg, "^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1")
	if arg == "" then return nil end
	local inside_quotes = rmatch(arg, '^"(.*)"$')
	if inside_quotes then
		return inside_quotes
	end
	inside_quotes = rmatch(arg, "^'(.*)'$")
	if inside_quotes then
		return inside_quotes
	end
	return arg
end

-- Clone frame's and parent's args while also assigning nil to empty strings.
local function clone_args(frame)
	local args = {}
	for pname, param in pairs(frame:getParent().args) do
		args = ine(param)
	end
	for pname, param in pairs(frame.args) do
		args = ine(param)
	end
	return args
end

-- Implementation of {{quote-meta/source}}.
function export.source(args)
	local argslang = args.lang or args
	if not argslang then
		-- For the moment, only trigger an error on mainspace pages and
		-- other pages that are not user pages or pages containing discussions.
		-- These are the same pages that appear in the appropriate tracking
		-- categories. User and discussion pages have not generally been
		-- fixed up to include a language code and so it's more helpful
		-- to use a maintenance line than signal an error.
		local FULLPAGENAME = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().fullText
		local NAMESPACE = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText

		if NAMESPACE ~= "Template" and not require("Module:usex/templates").page_should_be_ignored(FULLPAGENAME) then
			require("Module:languages").err(nil, 1)
		end
	end

	if args.date and args.year then
		error("Only one of date= or year= should be specified")
	end

	local output = {}
	-- Add text to the output. The text goes into a list, and we concatenate
	-- all the list components together at the end.
	local function add(text)
		table.insert(output, text)
	end
	if args.brackets == "on" then
		add("[")
	end
	add(require("Module:time").quote_impl(args))
	if args.origdate then
		add(" ")
	elseif args.origyear and args.origmonth then
		add(" ")
	elseif args.origyear then
		add(" ")
	end
	
	if args.author or args.last or args.quotee then
		for i=1,5 do
			local suf = i == 1 and "" or i
			-- Return the argument named PARAM, possibly with a suffix added
			-- (e.g. 2 for author2, 3 for last3). The suffix is either ""
			-- (an empty string) for the first set of params (author, last,
			-- first, etc.) or a number for further sets of params (author2,
			-- last2, first2, etc.).
			local function a(param)
				return args
			end
			if a("author") or a("last") then
				-- If first author, output a comma unless {{{nodate}}} used.
				if i == 1 and not args.nodate then
					add(", ")
				end
				-- If not first author, output a semicolon to separate from preceding authors.
				add(i == 1 and " " or "&#59; ") -- &#59; = semicolon
				if a("authorlink") then
					add("[[w:" .. a("authorlink") .. "|")
				end
				if a("author") then
					add(a("author"))
				elseif a("last") then
					add(a("last"))
					if a("first") then
						add(", " .. a("first"))
					end
				end
				if a("authorlink") then
					add("]]")
				end
				if a("trans-author") or a("trans-last") then
					add(" &#91;")
					if a("trans-authorlink") then
						add("[[w:" .. a("trans-authorlink") .. "|")
					end
					if a("trans-author") then
						add(a("trans-author"))
					elseif a("trans-last") then
						add(a("trans-last"))
						if a("trans-first") then
							add(", ")
							add(a("trans-first"))
						end
					end
					if a("trans-authorlink") then
						add("]]")
					end
					add("&#93;")
				end
			end
		end
		if args.coauthors then
			add("&#59; " .. args.coauthors)
		end
		if args.quotee then
			add(", quoting " .. args.quotee)
		end
	elseif args.year or args.date or args.start_year or args.start_date then
		--If no author stated but date provided, add a comma.
		add(",")
	end
	if args.author or args.last or args.quotee then
		add(",")
	end
	add(" ")

	local function has_new_title_or_ancillary_author()
		return args.chapter2 or args.title2 or
			args.trans2 or args.translator2 or args.translators2 or
			args.mainauthor2 or args.editor2 or args.editors2
	end

	local function has_new_title_or_author()
		return args or args or has_new_title_or_ancillary_author()
	end

	local function has_newversion()
		return args.newversion or args.location2 or has_new_title_or_author()
	end

	-- This handles everything after displaying the author, starting with the
	-- chapter and ending with page, column and then other=. It is currently
	-- called twice: Once to handle the main portion of the citation, and once
	-- to handle a "newversion" citation. `suf` is either "" for the main portion
	-- or a number (currently only 2) for a "newversion" citation. In a few
	-- places we conditionalize on `suf` to take actions depending on its value.
	-- `sep` is the separator to display before the first item we add; see
	-- add_with_sep() below.
	local function postauthor(suf, sep)
		-- Return the argument named PARAM, possibly with a suffix added
		-- (e.g. 2 for chapter2). The suffix is either "" (an empty string)
		-- for the first set of params (chapter, title, translator, etc.)
		-- or a number for further sets of params (chapter2, title2,
		-- translator2, etc.).
		local function a(param)
			return args
		end
		if a("chapter") then
			if require("Module:number-utilities").get_number(a("chapter")) then
				-- Arabic chapter number
				add(" chapter ")
				if a("chapterurl") then
					add("")
				else
					add(a("chapter"))
				end
			elseif rfind(a("chapter"), "^+$") and require("Module:roman numerals").roman_to_arabic(a("chapter"), true) then
				-- Roman chapter number
				add(" chapter ")
				local uchapter = mw.ustring.upper(a("chapter"))
				if a("chapterurl") then
					add("")
				else
					add(uchapter)
				end
			else
				-- Must be a chapter name
				add(" “")
				local toinsert
				if a("chapterurl") then
					toinsert = ""
				else
					toinsert = a("chapter")
				end
				add(require("Module:italics").unitalicize_brackets(toinsert))
				if a("trans-chapter") then
					add(" &#91;" .. require("Module:italics").unitalicize_brackets(a("trans-chapter")) .. "&#93;")
				end
				add("”")
			end
			if not a("notitle") then
				add(", in ")
			end
		end

		local translator = a("trans") or a("translator") or a("translators")
		if a("mainauthor") then
			add(a("mainauthor") .. ((translator or a("editor") or a("editors")) and "&#59; " or ","))
		end
		
		if translator then
			add(translator .. ", transl." .. ((a("editor") or a("editors")) and "&#59; " or ","))
		end
		
		if a("editor") then
			add(a("editor") .. ", editor,")
		elseif a("editors") then
			add(a("editors") .. ", editors,")
		end

		-- If we're in the "newversion" code (suf ~= ""), and there's no title
		-- and no URL, then the first time we add anything after the title,
		-- we don't want to add a separating comma because the preceding text
		-- will say "republished " or "republished as " or "translated as " or
		-- similar. In all other cases, we do want to add a separating comma.
		-- We handle this using a `sep` variable whose value will generally
		-- either be "" or ", ". The add_with_sep(text) function adds the `sep`
		-- variable and then `text`, and then resets `sep` to ", " so the next
		-- time around we do add a comma to separate `text` from the preceding
		-- piece of text.
		local function add_with_sep(text)
			add(sep .. text)
			sep = ", "
		end
		if a("title") then
			add(" <cite>" .. require("Module:italics").unitalicize_brackets(a("title")) .. "</cite>")
			if a("trans-title") then
				add(" &#91;<cite>" .. require("Module:italics").unitalicize_brackets(a("trans-title")) .. "</cite>&#93;")
			end
			if a("series") then
				add(" (" .. a("series"))
				if a("seriesvolume") then
					add("&#59; " .. a("seriesvolume"))
				end
				add(")")
			end
			sep = ", "
		elseif suf == "" then
			sep = ", "
			if not a("notitle") then
				add(maintenance_line("Please provide the book title or journal name"))
			end
		end
		
		if a("archiveurl") or a("url") then
			add("&lrm;<sup></sup>")
			sep = ", "
		end

		if a("volume") then
			add_with_sep("volume " .. a("volume"))
		elseif a("volume_plain") then
			add_with_sep(a("volume_plain"))
		end
		
		if a("issue") then
			add_with_sep("number " .. a("issue"))
		end

		-- This function handles the display of annotations like "(in French)"
		-- or "(in German; quote in Nauruan)". It takes two params PRETEXT and
		-- POSTTEXT to display before and after the annotation, respectively.
		-- These are used to insert the surrounding parens, commas, etc.
		-- They are necessary because we don't always display the annotation
		-- (in fact it's usually not displayed), and when there's no annotation,
		-- no pre-text or post-text is displayed.
		local function langhandler(pretext, posttext)
			local argslang
			if suf == "" then
				argslang = args.lang or args
			else
				argslang = a("lang")
			end
			if a("worklang") then
				return pretext .. "in " .. format_langs(a("worklang")) .. posttext
			elseif argslang and a("termlang") and argslang ~= a("termlang") then
				return pretext .. "in " .. format_langs(argslang) .. posttext
			elseif not argslang and suf == "" then
				return pretext .. maintenance_line("Please specify the language of the quote") .. posttext
			end
			return ""
		end

		if a("genre") then
			add(" (" .. a("genre") .. (a("format") and ", " .. a("format") or "") .. langhandler(", ", "") .. ")")
			sep = ", "
		elseif a("format") then
			add(" (" .. a("format") .. langhandler(", ", "") .. ")")
			sep = ", "
		else
			local to_insert = langhandler(" (", ")")
			if to_insert ~= "" then
				sep = ", "
				add(to_insert)
			end
		end

		if a("others") then
			add_with_sep(a("others"))
		end
		if a("edition") then
			add_with_sep(a("edition") .. " edition")
		end
		if a("quoted_in") then
			add_with_sep("quoted in " .. a("quoted_in"))
		end

		if a("publisher") then
			if a("city") or a("location") then
				add_with_sep((a("city") or a("location")) .. "&#58;") -- colon
				sep = " "
			end
			add_with_sep(a("publisher"))
		elseif a("city") or a("location") then
			add_with_sep(a("city") or a("location"))
		end

		if a("original") then
			add_with_sep((a("type") or "translation") .. " of <cite>" .. a("original")
				.. "</cite>" .. (a("by") and " by " .. a("by") or ""))
		elseif a("by") then
			add_with_sep((a("type") or "translation") .. " of original by " .. a("by"))
		end

		if a("year_published") then
			add_with_sep("published " .. a("year_published"))
		end

		if suf ~= "" and has_newversion() then
			add_with_sep(a("date") or a("year") or maintenance_line("Please provide a date or year"))
		end
		
		-- From here on out, there should always be a preceding item, so we
		-- can dispense with add_with_sep() and always insert the comma.
		
		if a("bibcode") then
			add(", <small>]:&nbsp;[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/"
				.. mw.uri.encode(a("bibcode")) .. " " .. a("bibcode") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("doi") then
			add(", <small>]:<span class=\"neverexpand\">[https://doi.org/"
				.. mw.uri.encode(a("doi") or a("doilabel") or "")
				.. " " .. tag_nowiki(a("doi")) .. "]</span></small>")
		end
		if a("isbn") then
			add(", <small>" .. isbn(a("isbn")) .. "</small>")
		end
		if a("issn") then
			add(", <small>" .. issn(a("issn")) .. "</small>")
		end
		if a("jstor") then
			add(", <small>] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("jstor")) .. " " .. a("jstor") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("lccn") then
			add(", <small>] [http://lccn.loc.gov/" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("lccn")) .. " " .. a("lccn") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("oclc") then
			add(", <small>] [http://worldcat.org/oclc/" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("oclc")) .. " " .. a("oclc") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("ol") then
			add(", <small>] [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("ol")) .. "/ " .. a("ol") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("pmid") then
			add(", <small>] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("pmid")) .. " " .. a("pmid") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("ssrn") then
			add(", <small>] [http://ssrn.com/abstract=" ..
				mw.uri.encode(a("ssrn")) .. " " .. a("ssrn") .. "]</small>")
		end
		if a("id") then
			add(", <small>" .. a("id") .. "</small>")
		end
		if a("archiveurl") then
			add(", archived from ")
			local url = a("url")
			if not url then
				-- attempt to infer original URL from archive URL; this works at
				-- least for Wayback Machine (web.archive.org) URL's
				url = rmatch(a("archiveurl"), "/(https?:.*)$")
				if not url then
					error("When archiveurl" .. suf .. "= is specified, url" .. suf .. "= must also be included")
				end
			end
			add(" on ")
			if a("archivedate") then
				add(format_date(a("archivedate")))
			else
				error("When archiveurl" .. suf .. "= is specified, archivedate" .. suf .. "= must also be included")
			end
		end
		if a("accessdate") then
			--Otherwise do not display here, as already used as a fallback for missing date= or year= earlier.
			if a("date") or a("nodate") or a("year") then
				add(", retrieved " .. format_date(a("accessdate")))
			end
		end
		if a("laysummary") then
			add(", ")
			if a("laysource") then
				add("&nbsp;–&nbsp;''" .. a("laysource") .. "''")
			end
		end
		if a("laydate") then
			add(" (" .. format_date(a("laydate")) .. ")")
		end
		if a("section") then
			add(", " .. (a("sectionurl") and "" or a("section")))
		end
		if a("line") then
			add(", line " .. a("line"))
		elseif a("lines") then
			add(", lines " .. a("lines"))
		end
		if a("page") or a("pages") then
			local function page_or_pages()
				if a("pages") then
					return "pages " .. a("pages")
				else
					return "page " .. a("page")
				end
			end
			add(", " .. (a("pageurl") and "" or page_or_pages()))
		end
		if a("column") or a("columns") then
			local function column_or_columns()
				if a("columns") then
					return "columns " .. a("columns")
				else
					return "column " .. a("column")
				end
			end
			add(", " .. (a("columnurl") and "" or column_or_columns()))
		end
		if a("other") then
			add(", " .. a("other"))
		end
	end

	-- display all the text that comes after the author, for the main portion.
	postauthor("", "")

	local sep
	
	-- If there's a "newversion" section, add the new-version text.
	if has_newversion() then
		--Test for new version of work.
		add("&#59; ") -- semicolon
		if args.newversion then
			add(args.newversion)
		elseif not args.edition2 then
			if has_new_title_or_author() then
				add("republished as")
			else
				add("republished")
			end
		end
		add(" ")
		sep = ""
	else
		sep = ", "
	end

	-- Add the author(s).
	if args or args then
		add(" ")
		if args then
			add(" .. "|")
		end
		if args then
			add(args)
		elseif args then
			add(args)
			if args then
				add(", " .. args)
			end
		end
		if args then
			add("]]")
		end
		-- FIXME, we should use sep = ", " here too and fix up the handling
		-- of chapter/mainauthor/etc. in postauthor() to use add_with_sep().
		if has_new_title_or_ancillary_author() then
			add(", ")
			sep = ""
		else
			sep = ", "
		end
	end

	-- display all the text that comes after the author, for the "newversion"
	-- section.
	postauthor(2, sep)

	add(":")

	-- Concatenate output portions to form output text.
	local output_text = table.concat(output)

	-- Remainder of code handles adding categories. We add one or more of the
	-- following categories:
	--
	-- 1. ], based on the first language
	--    code in termlang= or lang=. Not added to non-main-namespace pages
	--    except for Reconstruction: and Appendix:. Not added if lang= is
	--    missing or nocat= is given.
	-- 2. ], if lang= isn't
	--    specified. Added to some non-main-namespace pages, but not talk pages,
	--    user pages, or Wiktionary discussion pages (e.g. Grease Pit, Tea Room,
	--    Beer Parlour).
	-- 3. ], if nocat= is given.
	--    Added to the same pages as for ].
	-- 4. ],
	--    if archiveurl= is specified but not archivedate=. Added to the same
	--    pages as for ].
	-- 5. ], if both
	--    date= and year= are specified. Added to the same pages as for
	--    ].
	
	local tracking_categories = {}
	local categories = {}
	local NAMESPACE = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().nsText

	local langcode = args.termlang or argslang or "und"
	langcode = rsplit(langcode, ",")
	local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(langcode)
	if not lang and NAMESPACE ~= "Template" then
		error("The language code \"" .. langcode .. "\" is not valid.")
	end

	if args.nocat then
		table.insert(tracking_categories, "Quotations using nocat parameter")
	end
	if argslang then
		if lang and not args.nocat then
			table.insert(categories, lang:getCanonicalName() .. " terms with quotations")
		end
	else
		table.insert(tracking_categories, "Quotations with missing lang parameter")
	end
	if args.archiveurl and not args.archivedate then
		table.insert(tracking_categories, "Quotations using archiveurl without archivedate")
	end
	if args.date and args.year then
		table.insert(tracking_categories, "Quotation templates using both date and year")
	end

	local FULLPAGENAME = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().fullText
	return output_text .. (not lang and "" or
		require("Module:utilities").format_categories(categories, lang) ..
		require("Module:utilities").format_categories(tracking_categories, lang, nil, nil,
			not require("Module:usex/templates").page_should_be_ignored(FULLPAGENAME)))
end

-- External interface, meant to be called from a template.
function export.source_t(frame)
	local args = clone_args(frame)
	local newret = export.source(args)
	if test_new_code then
		local oldret = frame:expandTemplate{title="quote-meta/source", args=args}
		local function canon(text)
			text = rsub(rsub(text, "&#32;", " "), " ", "{SPACE}")
			text = rsub(rsub(text, "%", "{RBRAC}")
			text = rsub(rsub(text, "&#91;", "{LBRAC}"), "#93;", "{RBRAC}")
			text = rsub(rsub(text, "%", "{RBRAC}")
			text = rsub(text, "`UNIQ%-%-nowiki%-+%-QINU`", "`UNIQ--nowiki-{REPLACED}-QINU`")
			return text
		end
		local canon_newret = canon(newret)
		local canon_oldret = canon(oldret)
		if canon_newret ~= canon_oldret then
			require("Module:debug").track("quote-source/diff")
			if test_new_code_with_errors then
				error("different: <<" .. canon_oldret .. ">> vs <<" .. canon_newret .. ">>")
			end
		else
			require("Module:debug").track("quote-source/same")
			if test_new_code_with_errors then
				error("same")
			end
		end
		return oldret
	end
	return newret
end

return export
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia