| Zaliznyak | Our template | Description |
|---|---|---|
м |
m-in |
masculine inanimate |
мо |
m-an |
masculine animate |
ж |
f-in |
feminine inanimate |
жо |
f-an |
feminine animate |
с |
n-in |
neuter inanimate |
со |
n-an |
neuter animate |
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative | ∅ | -о | -а | -ы | -а | -ы | |
| genitive | -а | -ы | -ов | ∅ | |||
| dative | -у | -е | -ам | ||||
| accusative | inanimate | = nominative | = nominative | -у | = nominative | ||
| animate | = genitive | = genitive | |||||
| instrumental | -ом | -ой,-ою | -ами | ||||
| prepositional | -е | -ах | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative | -ь | -е (unstressed) -ё (stressed) |
-я | -и | -я | -и | |
| genitive | -я | -и | -ей | -ь (unstressed) -ей (stressed) | |||
| dative | -ю | -е | -ям | ||||
| accusative | inanimate | = nominative | = nominative | -ю | = nominative | ||
| animate | = genitive | = genitive | |||||
| instrumental | -ем (unstressed) -ём (stressed) |
-ей,-ею (unstressed) -ёй,-ёю (stressed) |
-ями | ||||
| prepositional | -е | -ях | |||||
| type | stem ends with | endings like | changes in endings |
changes in genitive plural | other changes in endings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| velar (#3) | к, г, х | hard (#1) | ы → и | — | — |
| sibilant (#4) | ш, ж, ч, щ | ы → и unstressed o → е |
masculine: -ей feminine and neuter: ∅ (unstressed) |
— | |
| letter-ц (#5) | ц | unstressed o → е | — | — | |
| vowel (#6) | vowels (except и) or й | soft (#2) | ь → й | masculine: -ев (unstressed) -ёв (stressed) feminine and neuter: -й |
— |
| letter-и (#7) | и | feminine dative singular and prepositional (all genders):
-и (unstressed) |
applies to:
description:
| reducable | the rule | when applies | examples | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| о | о → ∅ | always | любовь → любви сон → сна |
{3.A.1} |
| е/ё | е/ё → й | if letter before e/ё is vowel | боец → бойца паёк → пайка |
{3.A.2} |
| е/ё → ь | if stem type is vowel (#6) | улей → улья | {3.A.3.1} | |
| if stem type is velar (#3) and letter before е/ё is consonant (except ш, ж, ч, щ, ц) |
зверёк → зверька | {3.A.3.2} | ||
| if letter before e/ё is л | лёд → льда палец → пальца |
{3.A.3.3} | ||
| е/ё → ∅ | in all other cases | орёл → орла кашель → кашля |
{3.A.4} | |
applies to:
description:
| reducable | the rule | when applies | examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| TODO description | |||
| Form | Stress type | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | b | b' | c | d | d' | e | f | f' | f'' | ||
| singular | nominative | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like b | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like d | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like f | ← like f |
| genitive | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | |||||
| dative | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | |||||
| accusative | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | |||
| instrumental | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like d | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like f | stém-ending | |
| prepositional | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like b | stém-ending | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like f | |||
| plural | nominative | stém-ending | stem-énding | ← like b | stem-énding | stém-ending | ← like d | stém-ending | stém-ending | ← like f | ← like f |
| genitive | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | |||||
| dative | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | |||||
| instrumental | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | |||||
| prepositional | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | stém-ending | stem-énding | stem-énding | |||||