Module:ltc-pron/predict

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The following documentation is located at Module:ltc-pron/predict/documentation.
Useful links: root page • root page’s subpages • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

This module calculates the expected Mandarin and Cantonese reflexes of Middle Chinese pronunciations. 


local export = {}

local fully_voiced_initial = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local partially_voiced_initial = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local fricativisation_inducing = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local m_lenition_inducing = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local devoicing_outcomes = {
	 = "p",
	 = "t",
	 = "c",
	 = "k",
	 = "ch",
	 = "ch",
}

local function has(str, index, ...)
	if index ~= 0 then
		str = mw.ustring.sub(str, index, index)
	end
	for i, v in ipairs{...} do
		if str == v then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

local initial_outcomes_cmn = {
	 = "b",  = "p",  = "b",  = "m",
	 = "d",  = "t",  = "d",  = "n",
	 = "zh",  = "ch",  = "zh",  = "n",
	 = "z",  = "c",  = "z",  = "s",  = "s",
	 = "zh",  = "ch",  = "zh",  = "sh",  = "sh",
	 = "zh",  = "ch",  = "sh",  = "sh",  = "sh",
	 = "g",  = "k",  = "g",  = "h",  = "h",
	 = "",  = "",  = "",  = "",
	 = "l",  = "r",
}

local devoicing_initial_cmn = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local palatalisation_outcomes_cmn = {
	 = "j",
	 = "q",
	 = "x",
	 = "j",
	 = "q",
	 = "x",
}

local final_simplification_outcomes_cmn = {
	 = "iu",
	 = "ui",
	 = "un",
	 = "ong",
}

local rhyme_outcomes_cmn = {
	 = "ueng",
	 = { "ueng", 3, "iong" },
	 = "u",
	 = { "u", 3, "ü" },
	 = "ueng",
	 = "u",
	 = { "ueng", 3, "iong" },
	 = { "u", 3, "ü" },
	 = { "uang", 3, "iang" },
	 = { "uo", 3, "üe" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "er", 3, "i" },
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = "ü",
	 = "u",
	 = "ü",
	 = "ai",
	 = "uei",
	 = "i",
	 = "uei",
	 = { "ai", 3, "ie" },
	 = "uai",
	 = { "ai", 3, "ia" },
	 = { "uai", 3, "ua" },
	 = { "ai", 3, "ie" },
	 = "uai",
	 = "i",
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = "i",
	 = { "uei", 2, "uai" },
	 = "i",
	 = "uei",
	 = "ai",
	 = "uei",
	 = "in",
	 = "in",
	 = "ün",
	 = "en",
	 = "ün",
	 = "i",
	 = "i",
	 = { "ü", 2, "uai" },
	 = "e",
	 = { "ü", 2, "uai" },
	 = { "uen", 3, "en" },
	 = "e",
	 = "uen",
	 = { "u", 1, "o" },
	 = "in",
	 = "i",
	 = { "uen", 3, "ün" },
	 = "ü",
	 = "an",
	 = "uan",
	 = { "a", 3, "e" },
	 = "uo",
	 = "ian",
	 = "üan",
	 = "ie",
	 = { "a", 3, "üe" },
	 = { "an", 3, "ian" },
	 = "uan",
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = "ua",
	 = { "an", 3, "ian" },
	 = "uan",
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = "ua",
	 = "ian",
	 = "üan",
	 = "ian",
	 = "üan",
	 = "ie",
	 = "üe",
	 = "ie",
	 = "üe",
	 = "ian",
	 = "üan",
	 = "ie",
	 = "üe",
	 = "ao",
	 = { "ao", 3, "iao" },
	 = "iao",
	 = "iao",
	 = "iao",
	 = { "uo", 3, "e" },
	 = "uo",
	 = "ie",
	 = "üe",
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = "ua",
	 = "ie",
	 = "ang",
	 = "uang",
	 = { "uo", 3, "e" },
	 = "uo",
	 = { "iang", 2, "uang" },
	 = "uang",
	 = { "üe", 1, "o" },
	 = { "üe", 1, "o" },
	 = "eng",
	 = "ueng",
	 = "ing",
	 = "iong",
	 = "e",
	 = "uo",
	 = "i",
	 = "ü",
	 = "eng",
	 = "ueng",
	 = "e",
	 = "uo",
	 = "ing",
	 = "iong",
	 = "i",
	 = "ü",
	 = "ing",
	 = "iong",
	 = "i",
	 = "ü",
	 = "eng",
	 = "ueng",
	 = "e",
	 = "uo",
	 = "ing",
	 = { "i", 2, "e" },
	 = "ü",
	 = { "iou", 1, "ou" },
	 = "ou",
	 = { "iou", 1, "iao" },
	 = "in",
	 = "in",
	 = { "i", 2, "e" },
	 = { "i", 2, "e" },
	 = "an",
	 = { "a", 3, "e" },
	 = { "an", 3, "ian" },
	 = "uan",
	 = "ie",
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = { "an", 3, "ian" },
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = { "an", 3, "ian" },
	 = { "a", 3, "ia" },
	 = "ian",
	 = "ian",
	 = "ie",
	 = "ie",
	 = "ian",
	 = "ie",
	 = "an",
	 = { "a", 3, "e" },
}

local labial_openness_normalisation_cmn = {
	 = 11,
	 = 13,
	 = 15,
	 = 17,
	 = 20,
	 = 26,
	 = 27,
	 = 35,
	 = 37,
	 = 39,
	 = 64,
	 = 68,
	 = 106,
	 = 111,
	 = 114,
	 = 120,
	 = 121,
	 = 125,
	 = 132,
}

function export.predict_cmn(initial, final, tone)
	local initial_result = initial_outcomes_cmn

	if fricativisation_inducing and initial <= 3 then
		initial_result = "f"

	elseif m_lenition_inducing and initial == 4 then
		initial_result = "w"

	elseif tone == 1 and devoicing_initial_cmn then
		initial_result = devoicing_outcomes
	end

	if initial <= 4 then
		final = labial_openness_normalisation_cmn or final
	end
	local final_result = rhyme_outcomes_cmn

	if type(final_result) == "table" then
		if final_result == 1 and initial <= 4
		or final_result == 2 and initial >= 18 and initial <= 22
		or final_result == 3 and initial >= 28 and initial <= 36 then
			final_result = final_result
		else
			final_result = final_result
		end
	end

	if has(final_result, 1, "i", "ü") then
		initial_result = palatalisation_outcomes_cmn or initial_result
	end

	if final_result == "er" then
		if initial_result == "r" then
			initial_result = ""
		else
			final_result = "i"
		end
	end

	if has(initial_result, 0, "zh", "ch", "sh", "r") then
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^in", "en")
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^i(.)", "%1")
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^üe$", "uo")
	end

	if initial <= 4 then
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^u(.)", "%1")
		if has(initial_result, 0, "f", "w") then
			final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^(.)", "%1")
			final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^i$", "ei")
		else
			final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^ü", "i")
		end
	end

	if has(initial_result, 0, "n", "l") and has(final_result, 0, "ua", "uai", "uang", "uei") then
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^u", "")
	end
	if has(final_result, 1, "ü") and
		not (has(initial_result, 0, "n", "l") and has(final_result, 0, "ü", "üe")) then
		if initial_result == "" then
			initial_result = "y"
		end
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^ü", "u")
	end

	if initial_result == "" then
		if has(final_result, 1, "i") then
			initial_result = "y"
		end
		if has(final_result, 1, "u") then
			initial_result = "w"
		end
		if initial_result ~= "" then
			final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "^.()", "%1")
		end
	end

	final_result = final_simplification_outcomes_cmn or final_result
	
	local tone_result
	if tone == 1 then
		if fully_voiced_initial or partially_voiced_initial then
			tone_result = 2
		else
			tone_result = 1
		end
	elseif tone == 2 then
		if fully_voiced_initial then
			tone_result = 4
		else
			tone_result = 3
		end
	elseif tone == 3 then
		tone_result = 4
	else
		if fully_voiced_initial then
			tone_result = 2
		elseif partially_voiced_initial then
			tone_result = 4
		else
			tone_result = ""
		end
	end

	return initial_result .. final_result .. tone_result
end

local initial_outcomes_yue = {
	 = "b",  = "p",  = "b",  = "m",
	 = "d",  = "t",  = "d",  = "n",
	 = "z",  = "c",  = "z",  = "n",
	 = "z",  = "c",  = "z",  = "s",  = "z",
	 = "z",  = "c",  = "z",  = "s",  = "z",
	 = "z",  = "c",  = "s",  = "s",  = "s",
	 = "g",  = "k",  = "g",  = "ng",  = "h",
	 = "h",  = "",  = "",  = "",
	 = "l",  = "j",
}

local devoicing_initial_yue = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local initial_class_yue = {
	 = 1,
	 = 1,
	 = 1,
	 = 1,
	 = 2,
	 = 2,
	 = 2,
	 = 2,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 2,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 5,
	 = 5,
	 = 5,
	 = 5,
	 = 5,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 8,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 2,
	 = 6,
}

local final_class_yue = {
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 20,
	 = 34,
	 = 34,
	 = 35,
	 = 21,
	 = 35,
	 = 21,
	 = 35,
	 = 21,
	 = 35,
	 = 21,
	 = 35,
	 = 35,
	 = 21,
	 = 36,
	 = 24,
	 = 36,
	 = 39,
	 = 28,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 2,
	 = 33,
	 = 2,
	 = 33,
	 = 2,
	 = 33,
	 = 6,
	 = 21,
	 = 6,
	 = 21,
	 = 6,
	 = 6,
	 = 17,
	 = 25,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 22,
	 = 8,
	 = 22,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 22,
	 = 8,
	 = 22,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 38,
	 = 38,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 8,
	 = 31,
	 = 32,
	 = 31,
	 = 32,
	 = 26,
	 = 27,
	 = 26,
	 = 27,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 4,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 13,
	 = 30,
	 = 19,
	 = 5,
	 = 15,
	 = 15,
	 = 15,
	 = 16,
	 = 16,
	 = 11,
	 = 29,
	 = 1,
	 = 1,
	 = 11,
	 = 18,
	 = 18,
	 = 18,
	 = 18,
	 = 37,
	 = 18,
	 = 37,
	 = 18,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 40,
	 = 40,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 9,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 14,
	 = 10,
	 = 10,
	 = 10,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 7,
	 = 23,
	 = 23,
	 = 12,
	 = 3,
	 = 12,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 3,
	 = 12,
	 = 12,
	 = 12,
	 = 12,
	 = 12,
	 = 12,
	 = 23,
	 = 23,
}

local rhyme_outcomes_yue = {
	 = "A",
	 = "Ai",
	 = "Am",
	 = "An",
	 = "Au",
	 = "ai",
	 = "am",
	 = "an",
	 = "aN",
	 = "au",
	 = "e",
	 = "im",
	 = "in",
	 = "IN",
	 = "iu",
	 = "o",
	 = "oi",
	 = "oN",
	 = "ou",
	 = "UN",
	 = { "ei", "Ei", "ai" },
	 = { "En", "En", "an" },
	 = { "Am", "Am", "om" },
	 = { "ou", "ou", "u" },
	 = { "ui", "Ei", "ui" },
	 = { "An", "in", "in" },
	 = { "An", "Yn", "Yn" },
	 = { "ai", "Ei", "ui" },
	 = { "e", "O", "O" },
	 = { "in", "Yn", "Yn" },
	 = { "un", "An", "on" },
	 = { "un", "Yn", "un" },
	 = { "Ai", "Ei", "Ai" },
	 = { "oN", "oN", "oN" },
	 = { "ei", "ei", "i", "i", "i", "i", "ei", "i" },
	 = { "u", "Ei", "Y", "Ei", "o", "Y", "Ei", "Y" },
	 = { "oN", "ON", "ON", "ON", "oN", "ON", "ON", "ON" },
	 = { "un", "En", "En", "Yn", "Yn", "Yn", "an", "an" },
	 = { "ui", "Ai", "Ai", "oi", "Ai", "Ai", "oi", "oi" },
	 = { "IN", "IN", "IN", "IN", "aN", "IN", "IN", "IN" },
}

local palatalisation_inducing_yue = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local labialisation_inducing_yue = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local glide_inducing_yue = {
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
	 = true,
}

local debuccalisation_inducing_yue = {
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
     = true,
}

function export.predict_yue(initial, final, tone)
	local initial_result = initial_outcomes_yue

	if fricativisation_inducing and initial <= 3 then
		initial_result = "f"

	elseif tone == 1 and devoicing_initial_yue then
		initial_result = devoicing_outcomes

	elseif initial == 17 and labialisation_inducing_yue then
		initial_result = "s"
	end

	if initial == 29 and debuccalisation_inducing_yue then
		initial_result = "h"

	elseif initial == 29 and (final == 136 or final >= 139 and final <= 142)
		or initial == 32 and (final == 136 or final == 57)
		or initial == 33 and (labialisation_inducing_yue or glide_inducing_yue)
		or initial_result == "" and palatalisation_inducing_yue then
		initial_result = "j"
	end
	
	local final_result
	if (final == 36 or final == 38) and initial == 36 then
		final_result = "Ei"

	elseif (final == 26 or final == 42) and initial == 31 then
		final_result = "oi"

	elseif final == 23 and initial == 31 then
		final_result = ""

	elseif (final == 22 or final == 24) and initial == 4 then
		final_result = "ou"

	else
		local final_class = final_class_yue
		final_result = rhyme_outcomes_yue
		if final_class >= 35 then
			final_result = final_result]
		elseif final_class >= 21 then
			final_result = final_result + 8) / 5)]
		end
	end

	if initial == 31 and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") ~= nil then
		initial_result = "j"
	end

	if labialisation_inducing_yue and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") == nil then
		if initial_result == "h" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") == nil then
			initial_result = "f"
		elseif initial_result == "j" or initial_result == "" then
			initial_result = "w"
		elseif initial_result == "g" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") == nil then
			initial_result = "gw"
		elseif initial_result == "k" and mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") == nil then
			initial_result = "kw"
		end
	end
	
	local tone_result
	if tone == 4 then
		if fully_voiced_initial or partially_voiced_initial then
			tone_result = 6
		elseif mw.ustring.find(final_result, "^") ~= nil then
			tone_result = 3
		else
			tone_result = 1
		end
	elseif tone == 2 and fully_voiced_initial then
		tone_result = 6
	elseif fully_voiced_initial or partially_voiced_initial then
		tone_result = 3 + tone
	else
		tone_result = tone
	end

	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "om", "am")

	if initial <= 4 then
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "m$", "n")
	end

	if tone == 4 then
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "m$", "p")
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "n$", "t")
		final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "N$", "k")
	end

	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "A", "aa")
	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "I", "i")
	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "U", "u")
	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "O", "oe")
	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "E", "eo")
	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "Y", "yu")

	final_result = mw.ustring.gsub(final_result, "N", "ng")

	return initial_result .. final_result .. "<sup>" .. tone_result .. "</sup>"
end

return export
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