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Table of sandhi (left is stem, top is ending):
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-iā
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-e
|
-ī
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-o
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-āṅgā
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-ūṅgā
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-dā
|
-egā
|
| jā- "go"
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g-iā
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ga-e
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ga-ī
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jā-o
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jāv-āṅgā
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jā-ūṅgā
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jān-dā
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jā(v)-egā
|
| āu- "come"
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ā-iā
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ā-e
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ā-ī
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ā-o
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āv-āṅgā
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ā-ūṅgā
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āun-dā
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ā(v)-egā
|
| rahi- "stay"
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rih-ā
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rah-e
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rah-ī
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rah-o
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rah-āṅgā
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rah-ūṅgā
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rahin-dā
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rah-egā
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| cāhu- "want"
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cāh-iā
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cāh-e
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cāh-ī
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cāh-o
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cāh-āṅgā
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cāh-ūṅgā
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cāhun-dā
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cāh-egā
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| gāu- "sing"
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gā-iā
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gā-e
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gā-ī
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gā-o
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gāv-āṅgā
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gā-ūṅgā
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gāun-dā
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gā(v)-egā
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| ro- "cry"
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ro-iā
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ro-e
|
ro-ī
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rov-o
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rov-āṅgā
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ro-ūṅgā
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ron-dā
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ro(v)-egā
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| lai- "take"
|
l-iā
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la-e
|
la-ī
|
la-o
|
lav-āṅgā
|
la-ūṅgā
|
lain-dā
|
la(v)-egā
|
Hello @AryamanA, pinging as it looks like you have worked on this.
There are various problems with the way this is implemented - some of the forms are inflected incorrectly, and many are missing. In the spaces for feminine participle forms, masculine adjectival forms are shown. That the irregular participle forms coexist with regularised forms is also not accounted for.
I intend to make a conjugation module with both Shahmukhi and Gurmukhi for pnbwiktionary based on Lexicographical Wikidata, would you be open to replacing the one here as well? It is going to be quite time consuming to implement so if you are able to help it would be appreciated. عُثمان (talk) 20:31, 20 November 2022 (UTC)Reply
- Hello, sorry I was somewhat inactive when this came up. @عُثمان, OblivionKhorasan: both of you have noted that there are issues with the Punjabi verb conjugation template, could you give some specific examples of how it is wrong? I don't think it makes sense to fully rewrite the conjugation module (I'm not a huge fan of Wikidata Lexemes and I don't think it's well-designed to be integrated with how enwikt works) but I am glad to fix it to the best of my ability. I'm not a native Punjabi speaker so I take responsibility for any mistakes in the module as it stands. —AryamanA (मुझसे बात करें • योगदान) 20:22, 4 August 2024 (UTC)Reply
- @AryamanA Sure, although I would recommend taking a look at the lexeme for ਸਕਣ and comparing with ਸਕਣਾ for a simple example; and ਸਿਊਣ for a more complex example. I think any implementation would require some rewriting, and there are some forms which are lexeme-specific. In ਸਿਊਣ for example, there are several elements of the conjugation which have grammatical features which do not exist on any other verb
- The participle forms in -ਇਆਂ are absolutive adverbial constructions, not feminine plurals.
- Feminine plurals end in -ਈਆਂ.
- The forms labeled infinitives are more appropriately called gerunds. The citation form/lemma should be in -ਣ rather than -ਣਾ as the latter is only used in eastern dialects and does not exist as a form for a number of verbs. All Punjabi dictionaries published in the past few decades besides the Punjabi University one have used -ਣ as the citation form.
- The reduplicated progressive form is not used in Punjabi as far as I know.
- The conjunctive adverbial suffix ਕੇ is written with a space after the stem to distinguish it from derived postpositions or adverbs. (ਕਰ ਕੇ is a verb form, ਕਰਕੇ is a postposition.)
- The plain conjunctive participle form is missing. It is usually but not always homophonous with the stem; for some verbs and in some dialects it ends in -ਇ or -ਈ.
- Politeness/formality distinctions have no bearing on the verb inflections, which are better presented simply in terms of gender and number. Generally, the politeness conventions are to use masculine plural forms in all persons when referring to females you are related to, and to switch to speaking Urdu when interacting with females you are not related to (i.e. a sociolinguistic phenomenon rather than a grammatical one). The longer imperative forms have a suggestive meaning rather than a more polite one, as in "you could do this" rather than "do this".
- There are no present and past tense forms in Punjabi.
- The forms in -ਗਾ are definite subjunctives, and are only used in eastern dialects.
- The forms in -ਊ/-ਊਂ are also definite subjunctives, in the Malwai and (Bist) Doabi dialects, but are restricted to spoken dialog.
- The future forms are in -ਸ- and are only used with a subset of verbs.
- There is a separate passive conjugation, and a few passive-only deponent verbs, the forms of which are not covered by the module.
- عُثمان (talk) 20:50, 4 August 2024 (UTC)Reply
- Also ਆਪ is not a pronoun in the same way ਤੁਸੀਂ, ਤੂੰ etc. are. The pronoun headings should be; ਮੈਂ (1st person), ਤੂੰ (2nd), ਇਹ/ਉਹ (3rd) - these three under the heading "singular"; the next three ਅਸੀਂ (1st), ਤੁਸੀਂ (2nd), ਇਹ/ਉਹ (3rd) and these three should be under "plural/formal", no ਆਪ OblivionKhorasan (talk) 23:00, 9 August 2024 (UTC)Reply
- Yes, the meaning of ਆਪ in Punjabi is different from Hindi/Urdu. The 1st and 2nd person plurals could be listed as ਅਸੀਂ/ਅਸਾਂ and ਤੁਸੀਂ/ਤੁਸਾਂ respectively as these are popular variants among speakers. عُثمان (talk) 23:04, 9 August 2024 (UTC)Reply