Panathenaea

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English

WOTD – 28 October 2023

Etymology

Runners at the Panathenaic Games depicted on an amphora (c. 530–520 B.C.E.) which would have been awarded to the winner of the Games.[n 1]

Learned borrowing from Latin Panathēnaea, and from its etymon Ancient Greek Πᾰνᾰθήναιᾰ (Panathḗnaia), a noun use of the neuter plural of Παναθηναῖος (Panathēnaîos, “Panathenian”) (in Παναθήναια ἱερᾰ́ (Panathḗnaia hierá, “Panathenian solemnities”)), from πᾰν- (pan-, prefix meaning ‘all; every’) + Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos, “of or relating to Athens, Athenian”) + -ῐ́ᾱ (-íā, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns). Ἀθηναῖος (Athēnaîos) is derived from either Ἀθῆναι (Athênai, “Athens”) or Ᾰ̓θήνη (Athḗnē, “Athena, patron goddess of Athens”) + -ῐος (-ios, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Panathenaea

  1. (Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.
    • , Iohn Lylly [i.e., John Lyly], “Euphues and His Ephæbus. ”, in Euphues. The Anatomy of Wyt. , London: [Thomas East] for Gabriell Cawood, , →OCLC, folio 57, verso:
      VVhen Panathænea vvere celebrated at Athens, an olde man gooing to take a place vvas mockingly reiected, at the laſt comming among the Lacedemonians all the youth gaue him place, vvhich yͤ Athenians liked vvell off, then one of the Sparthans cryed out: Uerily yͤ Athenians knovv vvhat ſhould be done, but they neuer doe it.
    • Panathenæa]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Philosophie, Commonlie Called, The Morals , London: Arnold Hatfield, →OCLC, page 645:
      Panathenæa. A ſolemnity held at Athens: vvherein the vvhole city men, vvomen and children vvere aſſembled. And ſuch games, dances and plaies as vvere then exhibited; or vvhat orations vvere then and there made, they called Panathenaik.]
    • a. 1823 (date written), Plato, “[Essays, Letters from Abroad, Translations and Fragments] Ion; or, Of the Iliad; Translated from Plato”, in Percy Bysshe Shelley, transl., edited by [Mary Wollstonecraft] Shelley, The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley, new edition, London: Edward Moxon, , published 1850, →OCLC, page 67, column 1:
      Ion.— […] [T]here were contests in every species of music. […] I bore away the first prize at the games, O Socrates. / Socrates.—Well done! You have now only to consider how you shall win the Panathenæa.

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Notes

  1. ^ From the collection of the Allard Pierson Museum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

References

  1. ^ “Panathenaea, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023; “Panathenaea, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

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