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(historical) A member of a specific semi-nomadic Turkic people from central Asia, some of whom migrated into eastern Europe.
1987, Charles J. Halperin, Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History, Indiana University Press, page 13:
The Pechenegs had already ceased to be a major threat by the time Kievan Rus’ converted to Christianity in 988, and most references to them in the chronicle are in the period before this, earlier in the tenth century.
The siege of Dristra failed, as the emperor found himself surrounded by the Pechenegs.[…]Fearing a Cuman–Pecheneg alliance, Alexios immediately sued for peace and the Pechenegs agreed to a truce, which they immediately broke in order to take advantage of Alexios' notorious lack of troops and invade Thrace.