Reconstruction:Proto-Austroasiatic/tNɕaːm

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 This Proto-Austroasiatic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Austroasiatic

Etymology

  • Proto-Austroasiatic: *tNɕaːm (Sidwell, 2024, #AA338)
  • Proto-Mon-Khmer: *t₁haam (Shorto, 2006, #1431.A)

The Pre-Proto-Khmuic form was something like *thaːm, with typical debuccalization of the medial sibilant (reconstructed here as *-ɕ- by Sidwell (2024)). Due to Proto-Khmuic's constraint against *Ch- onsets, medial *-h- was then lost; compare the triplet Khmu biʔ ("full, sated") (loss of debuccazed *-h-) vs. Bahnar phĭ (preservation of debuccazed *-h-) vs. Eastern Bru pasâi (preservation of the original sibilant). Bahnaric similarly also shows debuccalization. Pakanic and Vietic, on the other hand, preserved the sibilant but dropped the presyllable. Thus, Vietnamese tám and Khmu taːm, despite being cognates, contain onsets of different origins: Vietnamese /t/ reflected what reconstructed as *-ɕ- here, while Khmu /t/ reflected *t-.

Old Mon was conservative in neither showing debuccalization nor loss of the presyllable.

Numeral

cardinal number
8 Previous: *pəɕ ~ *pɔh
Next: n/a

*tNɕaːm

  1. eight

Descendants

  • Proto-Bahnaric: *t(n)haːm (Sidwell, 2011) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Khmuic: *taːm (Sidwell, 2013) (see there for further descendants)
  • Monic:
  • Proto-Munda: *tam (Rau, 2019) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Pakanic: *saːmʔ (Hsiu, 2016) (see there for further descendants)
    • Bolyu: saːm⁵³
  • Palaungic:
    • Danau: ʦɑn⁴
  • Proto-Vietic: *saːmʔ (Ferlus, 2007) (see there for further descendants)

References

  • Shorto, Harry (2006) Sidwell, Paul, Doug Cooper and Christian Bauer, editors, A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Canberra: Australian National University. Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN
  • Sidwell, Paul (2024) “500 Proto Austroasiatic Etyma: Version 1.0”, in Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society‎, volume 17, number 1, pages i–xxxiii
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