Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/bināti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰi-né-h₂-ti, nasal-infix present of *bʰeyh₂- (“to strike, hew”).
Verb
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₂-final root, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *bināmi | *binamam | *bibīsū | *biba |
| 2nd singular | *bināsi | *binatās | *bibīsesi | *bibas? |
| 3rd singular | *bināti | *binato | *bibīseti | *bibe |
| 1st plural | *binamosi | *binamo | *bibīsomosi | *bibmo |
| 2nd plural | *binatesi | *binastē | *bibīsetesi | *bixte |
| 3rd plural | *binanti | *binanto | *bibīsonti | *bibars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *beyasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *beyasesi | ? | *binā | |
| 3rd singular | *beyaseti | ? | *binātou | |
| 1st plural | *beyasomosi | ? | *binamos | |
| 2nd plural | *beyasetesi | ? | *binate | |
| 3rd plural | *beyasonti | ? | *binantou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *binār | — | *bibīsūr | *bibra |
| 2nd singular | *binātar | — | *bibīsetar | *bibras? |
| 3rd singular | *binātor | ? | *bibīsetor | *bibre |
| 1st plural | *binammor | — | *bibīsommor | ? |
| 2nd plural | *binadwe | — | *bibīsedwe | ? |
| 3rd plural | *binantor | ? | *bibīsontor | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *beyasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *beyasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *beyasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *beyasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *beyasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *beyasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binonts | *binonte | *binontes |
| vocative | *binonts | *binonte | *binontes |
| accusative | *binontam | *binonte | *binontans |
| genitive | *binantos | *? | *binantom |
| dative | *binantei | *binantbom | *binantbos |
| instrumental | *binantī? | *binantbim | *binantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binantī | *binantī | *binantiyās |
| vocative | *binantī | *binantī | *binantiyās |
| accusative | *binantīm | *binantī | *binantiyans |
| genitive | *binantyās | *? | *binantyom |
| dative | *binantyāi | *binantyābom | *binantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *binantyābim | *binantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binont | *? | *binonta |
| vocative | *binont | *? | *binonta |
| accusative | *binont | *? | *binonta |
| genitive | *binantos | *? | *binantom |
| dative | *binantei | *? | *binantbos |
| instrumental | *binantī? | *? | *binantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binamnos | *binamnou | *binamnoi |
| vocative | *binamne | *binamnou | *binamnoi |
| accusative | *binamnom | *binamnou | *binamnons |
| genitive | *binamnī | *binamnous | *binamnom |
| dative | *binamnūi | *binamnobom | *binamnobos |
| instrumental | *binamnū | *binamnobim | *binamnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binamnā | *binamnai | *binamnās |
| vocative | *binamnā | *binamnai | *binamnās |
| accusative | *binamnam | *binamnai | *binamnans |
| genitive | *binamnās | *binamnous | *binamnom |
| dative | *binamnai | *binamnābom | *binamnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *binamnābim | *binamnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *binamnom | *binamnou | *binamnā |
| vocative | *binamnom | *binamnou | *binamnā |
| accusative | *binamnom | *binamnou | *binamnā |
| genitive | *binamnī | *binamnous | *binamnom |
| dative | *binamnūi | *binamnobom | *binamnobos |
| instrumental | *binamnū | *binamnobim | *binamnobis |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītos | *bītou | *bītoi |
| vocative | *bīte | *bītou | *bītoi |
| accusative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītons |
| genitive | *bītī | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītūi | *bītobom | *bītobos |
| instrumental | *bītū | *bītobim | *bītobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītā | *bītai | *bītās |
| vocative | *bītā | *bītai | *bītās |
| accusative | *bītam | *bītai | *bītans |
| genitive | *bītās | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītai | *bītābom | *bītābos |
| instrumental | *? | *bītābim | *bītābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| vocative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| accusative | *bītom | *bītou | *bītā |
| genitive | *bītī | *bītous | *bītom |
| dative | *bītūi | *bītobom | *bītobos |
| instrumental | *bītū | *bītobim | *bītobis |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *bɨnad
- Old Irish: benaid
- Irish: bain
- Gaulish: biietutu (impv.)
- Celtiberian: ne-bintor (3p.impv.med.)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bʰiH-neh₂-”