Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Originally *kʷalnīti, from a nasal-infix derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).[1]

Verb

*kʷalnati

  1. to go around

Inflection

Athematic h₁-root nasal-infix present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kʷalnīmi *kʷalnamam ? ?
2nd singular *kʷalnīsi *kʷalnatās ? ?
3rd singular *kʷalnīti *kʷalnato ? ?
1st plural *kʷalnamosi *kʷalnamo ? ?
2nd plural *kʷalnatesi *kʷalnastē ? ?
3rd plural *kʷalnenti *kʷalnanto ? ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *kʷelasū ? —
2nd singular *kʷelasesi ? *kʷalnī
3rd singular *kʷelaseti ? *kʷalnītou
1st plural *kʷelasomosi ? *kʷalnamos
2nd plural *kʷelasetesi ? *kʷalnate
3rd plural *kʷelasonti ? *kʷalnentou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kʷalnīr — ? ?
2nd singular *kʷalnītar — ? ?
3rd singular *kʷalnītor ? ? ?
1st plural *kʷalnammor — ? ?
2nd plural *kʷalnadwe — ? ?
3rd plural *kʷalnentor ? ? ?
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *kʷelasūr — —
2nd singular *kʷelasetar — —
3rd singular *kʷelasetor — —
1st plural *kʷelasommor — —
2nd plural *kʷelasedwe — —
3rd plural *kʷelasontor — —

Derived terms

  • *ambi-kʷalnati
    • Old Irish: imm·cella (“to surround”)
  • *to-ambi-kʷalnati

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic:
    • Middle Welsh: pallu (“to fail, cease, perish; refuse, deny”)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷal-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174
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