Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati
Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati you have here. The definition of the word Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition ofReconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷalnati, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
 |
This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Originally *kʷalnīti, from a nasal-infix derivative of Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁- (“to turn”).
Verb
*kʷalnati
- to go around
Inflection
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₁-final root | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kʷalnīmi | *kʷalnamam | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *kʷalnīsi | *kʷalnatās | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *kʷalnīti | *kʷalnato | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *kʷalnamosi | *kʷalnamo | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *kʷalnatesi | *kʷalnastē | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *kʷalnenti | *kʷalnanto | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kʷelasū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kʷelasesi | ? | *kʷalnī | |
| 3rd singular | *kʷelaseti | ? | *kʷalnītou | |
| 1st plural | *kʷelasomosi | ? | *kʷalnamos | |
| 2nd plural | *kʷelasetesi | ? | *kʷalnate | |
| 3rd plural | *kʷelasonti | ? | *kʷalnentou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *kʷalnīr | — | ? | — |
| 2nd singular | *kʷalnītar | — | ? | — |
| 3rd singular | *kʷalnītor | ? | ? | — |
| 1st plural | *kʷalnammor | — | ? | — |
| 2nd plural | *kʷalnadwe | — | ? | — |
| 3rd plural | *kʷalnentor | ? | ? | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *kʷelasūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *kʷelasetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *kʷelasetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *kʷelasommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *kʷelasedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *kʷelasontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnonts | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontes |
| vocative | *kʷalnonts | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontes |
| accusative | *kʷalnontam | *kʷalnonte | *kʷalnontans |
| genitive | *kʷalnantos | *? | *kʷalnantom |
| dative | *kʷalnantei | *kʷalnantbom | *kʷalnantbos |
| instrumental | *kʷalnantī? | *kʷalnantbim | *kʷalnantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyās |
| vocative | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyās |
| accusative | *kʷalnantīm | *kʷalnantī | *kʷalnantiyans |
| genitive | *kʷalnantyās | *? | *kʷalnantyom |
| dative | *kʷalnantyāi | *kʷalnantyābom | *kʷalnantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kʷalnantyābim | *kʷalnantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
| vocative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
| accusative | *kʷalnont | *? | *kʷalnonta |
| genitive | *kʷalnantos | *? | *kʷalnantom |
| dative | *kʷalnantei | *? | *kʷalnantbos |
| instrumental | *kʷalnantī? | *? | *kʷalnantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnamnos | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnoi |
| vocative | *kʷalnamne | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnoi |
| accusative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnons |
| genitive | *kʷalnamnī | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
| dative | *kʷalnamnūi | *kʷalnamnobom | *kʷalnamnobos |
| instrumental | *kʷalnamnū | *kʷalnamnobim | *kʷalnamnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnamnā | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnās |
| vocative | *kʷalnamnā | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnās |
| accusative | *kʷalnamnam | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnans |
| genitive | *kʷalnamnās | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
| dative | *kʷalnamnai | *kʷalnamnābom | *kʷalnamnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kʷalnamnābim | *kʷalnamnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
| vocative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
| accusative | *kʷalnamnom | *kʷalnamnou | *kʷalnamnā |
| genitive | *kʷalnamnī | *kʷalnamnous | *kʷalnamnom |
| dative | *kʷalnamnūi | *kʷalnamnobom | *kʷalnamnobos |
| instrumental | *kʷalnamnū | *kʷalnamnobim | *kʷalnamnobis |
Derived terms
- *ambi-kʷalnati
- Old Irish: imm·cella (“to surround”)
- *to-ambi-kʷalnati
- Old Irish: do·immchella (“to go around”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kʷal-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 174