Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷrīyess

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Generally agreed to be related to Latin creta (“clay, chalk, soil”), but the relationship is mysterious.^[1]^[2]^[3] The Latin word itself could be related to cerno (“I separate”), Ancient Greek κρίνω (krínō, “to divide, separate”), from Proto-Indo-European *krey-.

Mallory & Adams reconstruct *tkʷreh₁yot-, adding Tocharian B tukri (“clay”);^[4] Matasovic suggests *kʷreh₁ + Proto-Celtic *-yet-, adding that the Tocharian words could have had their own prefix. However, these all could have instead been borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate.

Noun

*kʷrīyess ?

clay

Inflection

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kʷrīyets	*kʷrīyete	*kʷrīyetes
vocative	*kʷrīyets	*kʷrīyete	*kʷrīyetes
accusative	*kʷrīyetam	*kʷrīyete	*kʷrīyetams
genitive	*kʷrīyetos	*kʷrīyetou	*kʷrīyetom
dative	*kʷrīyetei	*kʷrīyetobom	*kʷrīyetobos
locative	*kʷrīyeti	—	—
instrumental	*kʷrīyete?	*kʷrīyetobim	*kʷrīyetobis

Descendants

Brythonic: *prið
- Old Breton: pri
  - Middle Breton: pri
    - Breton: pri
- Cornish: pri
- Middle Welsh: pridd
  - Welsh: pridd
Old Irish: cré
- Middle Irish: cré
  - Irish: cré
  - Manx: cray
  - Scottish Gaelic: crè

References

^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “crè”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pridd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kʷrīyet”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 182-83
^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 121

[1] MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “crè”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN

[2] R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pridd”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “kʷrīyet”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 182-83

[4] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 121

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