Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaitos
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
The closest cognate is Proto-Germanic *haiþī; given the *a, Matasović supposes substrate origin.
Noun
*kaitos m
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kaitos | *kaitou | *kaitoi |
| vocative | *kaite | *kaitou | *kaitoi |
| accusative | *kaitom | *kaitou | *kaitons |
| genitive | *kaitī | *kaitous | *kaitom |
| dative | *kaitūi | *kaitobom | *kaitobos |
| locative | *kaitei | *? | *? |
| instrumental | *kaitū | *kaitobim | *kaitūis |
Reconstruction notes
The choice to reconstruct masculine gender for this word is arbitrary on the parts of Schrijver and McCone; it could equally as well be neuter.
- The Gaulish reflexes offer no indication of gender, since they could have been reshaped by the tendency to have neuter settlement names and masculine men's names.
- Brittonic is inconclusive as well, since the word is feminine in Welsh while being masculine in Breton. While the Gaulish combining form *caito- ~ *ceto- exposes the Welsh gender as secondary (a collective?), the neuter was lost in Brittonic with many neuters being reassigned as masculine.
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *koɨd
- Gaulish: *caito-, *ceto-
- →⇒ Latin: Borcetum
- → German: Burtscheid
- →⇒ Latin: Cettius, Cetium, Diocetus
- →⇒ Latin: Borcetum
- ⇒ Celtiberian: (name of a Lusitanian town)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*kayto-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 198
- ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 219
- ^ McCone, Kim (1996) Towards a relative chronology of ancient and medieval Celtic sound change, Maynooth: Dept. of Old Irish, St. Patrick's College, →ISBN, page 149