Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kiyeti

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱey- (“to fall”).[1]

Verb

*kiyeti[2]

  1. to fall

Inflection

The future and subjunctive stems are analogical after verbs that were formed from laryngeal-final roots in the shape *CeyH-.

Thematic present, suffixless preterite
Active voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kiyū *kiyemam *kikīsū *kika
2nd singular *kiyesi *kiyetās *kikīsesi *kikas?
3rd singular *kiyeti *kiyeto *kikīseti *kike
1st plural *kiyomosi *kiyemo *kikīsomosi *kikmo
2nd plural *kiyetesi *kiyestē *kikīsetesi *kixte
3rd plural *kiyonti *kiyento *kikīsonti *kikars
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *keyasū ? —
2nd singular *keyasesi ? *kiye
3rd singular *keyaseti ? *kiyetou
1st plural *keyasomosi ? *kiyomos
2nd plural *keyasetesi ? *kiyete
3rd plural *keyasonti ? *kiyontou
Passive voice
Present Imperfect Future Preterite
1st singular *kiyūr — *kikīsūr —
2nd singular *kiyetar — *kikīsetar —
3rd singular *kiyetor ? *kikīsetor —
1st plural *kiyommor — *kikīsommor —
2nd plural *kiyedwe — *kikīsedwe —
3rd plural *kiyontor ? *kikīsontor —
Pres. subjunctive Past subjunctive Imperative
1st singular *keyasūr — —
2nd singular *keyasetar — —
3rd singular *keyasetor — —
1st plural *keyasommor — —
2nd plural *keyasedwe — —
3rd plural *keyasontor — —
Declension of the past participle
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *kitos *kitou *kitoi
vocative *kite *kitou *kitoi
accusative *kitom *kitou *kitoms
genitive *kitī *kitous *kitom
dative *kitūi *kitobom *kitobos
instrumental *kitū *kitobim *kitobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *kitā *kitai *kitās
vocative *kitā *kitai *kitās
accusative *kitam *kitai *kitams
genitive *kitās *kitous *kitom
dative *kitai *kitābom *kitābos
instrumental *? *kitābim *kitābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *kitom *kitou *kitā
vocative *kitom *kitou *kitā
accusative *kitom *kitou *kitā
genitive *kitī *kitous *kitom
dative *kitūi *kitobom *kitobos
instrumental *kitū *kitobim *kitobis

Derived terms

  • *to-kiyeti
    • Middle Welsh: dychiawr (3sg), dychiorant (3pl)
  • *kei-d-eti (dental extension with full root grade)
  • *dī-keideti
  • *to-keideti
  • *uɸo-keideti

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: (converted to deponent)
  • Old Irish: ciid (“to cry”)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ki-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
  2. ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 404-410
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