Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klamos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown. Probably of non-Indo-European origin due to the a-vocalism. However, MacBain compares Sanskrit क्लान्त (klānta, “exhausted, wearied, fatigued”).

Adjective

*klamos

  1. ill, sick
  2. leprous, scurfy
  3. (of animals) mangy

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *klamos *klamou *klamoi
vocative *klame *klamou *klamoi
accusative *klamom *klamou *klamons
genitive *klamī *klamous *klamom
dative *klamūi *klamobom *klamobos
instrumental *klamū *klamobim *klamobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *klamā *klamai *klamās
vocative *klamā *klamai *klamās
accusative *klamam *klamai *klamans
genitive *klamās *klamous *klamom
dative *klamai *klamābom *klamābos
instrumental *? *klamābim *klamābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *klamom *klamou *klamā
vocative *klamom *klamou *klamā
accusative *klamom *klamou *klamā
genitive *klamī *klamous *klamom
dative *klamūi *klamobom *klamobos
instrumental *klamū *klamobim *klamobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *klamyūs *? *klamyoses
vocative *klamyūs *? *klamyoses
accusative *klamyosam *? *klamyosans
genitive *klamisos *? *klamisom
dative *klamisei *? *klamisbos
instrumental *klamisī *? *klamisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *klamyūs *? *klamyoses
vocative *klamyūs *? *klamyoses
accusative *klamyosam *? *klamyosans
genitive *klamisos *? *klamisom
dative *klamisei *? *klamisbos
instrumental *klamisī *? *klamisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *klamis *? *?
vocative *klamis *? *?
accusative *klamis *? *?
genitive *klamisos *? *klamisom
dative *klamisei *? *klamisbos
instrumental *klamisī *? *klamisbis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *klaβ̃
    • Middle Breton: claff
    • Old Cornish: claf
    • Middle Welsh: claf
  • Old Irish: clam

References

  • Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “claf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “cloimh”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
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