Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/nowiyos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *néwos, *néwyos.

Adjective

*nowiyos

  1. new

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyos *nowiyou *nowiyoi
vocative *nowiye *nowiyou *nowiyoi
accusative *nowiyom *nowiyou *nowiyons
genitive *nowiyī *nowiyous *nowiyom
dative *nowiyūi *nowiyobom *nowiyobos
instrumental *nowiyū *nowiyobim *nowiyobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyā *nowiyai *nowiyās
vocative *nowiyā *nowiyai *nowiyās
accusative *nowiyam *nowiyai *nowiyans
genitive *nowiyās *nowiyous *nowiyom
dative *nowiyai *nowiyābom *nowiyābos
instrumental *? *nowiyābim *nowiyābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyom *nowiyou *nowiyā
vocative *nowiyom *nowiyou *nowiyā
accusative *nowiyom *nowiyou *nowiyā
genitive *nowiyī *nowiyous *nowiyom
dative *nowiyūi *nowiyobom *nowiyobos
instrumental *nowiyū *nowiyobim *nowiyobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyūs *? *nowiyoses
vocative *nowiyūs *? *nowiyoses
accusative *nowiyosam *? *nowiyosans
genitive *nowiyisos *? *nowiyisom
dative *nowiyisei *? *nowiyisbos
instrumental *nowiyisī *? *nowiyisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyūs *? *nowiyoses
vocative *nowiyūs *? *nowiyoses
accusative *nowiyosam *? *nowiyosans
genitive *nowiyisos *? *nowiyisom
dative *nowiyisei *? *nowiyisbos
instrumental *nowiyisī *? *nowiyisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *nowiyis *? *?
vocative *nowiyis *? *?
accusative *nowiyis *? *?
genitive *nowiyisos *? *nowiyisom
dative *nowiyisei *? *nowiyisbos
instrumental *nowiyisī *? *nowiyisbis

Reconstruction notes

  • A proto-form *nowiyos is absolutely required to explain the Brittonic forms; *nouyos would lead to e.g. Welsh **nwy instead of attested newydd.

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *nöwɨð
  • Old Irish: nuae, nue, naue, nóe
  • Gaulish: nouiio (in the plate of Lezoux, also in many Roman place names)
  • Hispano-Celtic:
    • → Galician: Noia (place name)

References

  1. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) “nouiios”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 236
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