Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruteinos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

According to Schaffner, from a -nos derivative of *rutis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂rew- (“to glow, shine”).[1]

Adjective

*ruteinos[1][2]

  1. with a shiny reddish or rust-like colour

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinos *ruteinou *ruteinoi
vocative *ruteine *ruteinou *ruteinoi
accusative *ruteinom *ruteinou *ruteinoms
genitive *ruteinī *ruteinous *ruteinom
dative *ruteinūi *ruteinobom *ruteinobos
instrumental *ruteinū *ruteinobim *ruteinobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinā *ruteinai *ruteinās
vocative *ruteinā *ruteinai *ruteinās
accusative *ruteinam *ruteinai *ruteinams
genitive *ruteinās *ruteinous *ruteinom
dative *ruteinai *ruteinābom *ruteinābos
instrumental *? *ruteinābim *ruteinābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinom *ruteinou *ruteinā
vocative *ruteinom *ruteinou *ruteinā
accusative *ruteinom *ruteinou *ruteinā
genitive *ruteinī *ruteinous *ruteinom
dative *ruteinūi *ruteinobom *ruteinobos
instrumental *ruteinū *ruteinobim *ruteinobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinyūs *? *ruteinyoses
vocative *ruteinyūs *? *ruteinyoses
accusative *ruteinyosam *? *ruteinyosams
genitive *ruteinisos *? *ruteinisom
dative *ruteinisei *? *ruteinisbos
instrumental *ruteinisī *? *ruteinisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinyūs *? *ruteinyoses
vocative *ruteinyūs *? *ruteinyoses
accusative *ruteinyosam *? *ruteinyosams
genitive *ruteinisos *? *ruteinisom
dative *ruteinisei *? *ruteinisbos
instrumental *ruteinisī *? *ruteinisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *ruteinis *? *?
vocative *ruteinis *? *?
accusative *ruteinis *? *?
genitive *ruteinisos *? *ruteinisom
dative *ruteinisei *? *ruteinisbos
instrumental *ruteinisī *? *ruteinisbis

Reconstruction notes

The palatalization in Old Irish ruithen is irregular, as *e and *ei normally do not palatalize preceding consonants that are preceded by a non-front vowel. The word may have been reshaped to *rutinos in Goidelic, which should regularly yield palatalization.

Descendants

  • Gaulish: *rutēnos (“red-haired?”)
  • Old Irish: ruithen (“ray or beam of light”) (with irregular palatalization)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Schaffner, Stefan (2016–2017) “Lateinisch rutilus ‘rötlich, gelbrot, goldgelb’, altir. ruithen ‘Strahl, Glanz’ und kymr. rwt ‘Korrosion’”, in Die Sprache (in German), volume 52, number 1, pages 102–123
  2. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2024) “Celto-Venetica: Indo-European Names from North-Eastern Italy and the Dialectal Classification of Venetic”, in Voprosy Onomastiki, volume 21, number 2, pages 9-50
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