Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sim

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Schrijver splits his etymology of *sim into two pathways; one for the last elements of Old Irish sodain and Gaulish sosin, and the other pathway for other (anaphoric) uses.^[1]

• For the anaphoric uses and the initial element of *sindos:
  • Schrijver compares Sanskrit सीम् (sīm), which he derives from some case form of *h₁e with analogically inserted *s-.
  • Matasović takes a different tack, taking this *sin- to be from *sih₂m̥,^[2] which he understands to be the feminine accusative singular of *só.
• For the second element of Gaulish sosin and Old Irish sodain:
  • Schrijver starts with *tíd, which he believes to be the neuter singular of *só. *tíd would become *sim via analogical reshapings.
  • Schrijver believes in a fringe theory in which the nominative and accusative neuter *sod of *so (“this”) did not exist, and instead *sim would serve as the nominative and accusative neuter of *so. The existence of Celtiberian soz, which is usually believed to be a reflex of the very *sod that Schrijver does not think existed, poses trouble for his theory.

*sim

1. that

• No inflected forms of this word are known; it is an uninflected clitic in Goidelic.

• *sindos (if not from *sem-)
• *so sim
  • Gaulish: sosin
• *swe sim
  • Old Irish: féin
    • Irish: féin
• *swe de sim
  • Old Irish: fadéin

• Old Irish: sin
  • Irish: sin
  • Scottish Gaelic: sin
  • Manx: shen