Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skamos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain, as a-vocalisms are not common. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-, same source as Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”). Similar semantic connections can be found between "light" and "lungs" in other Indo-European languages, such as Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”) being from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”).[1][2]

Adjective

*skamos[2]

  1. light (not heavy)

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *skamos *skamou *skamoi
vocative *skame *skamou *skamoi
accusative *skamom *skamou *skamoms
genitive *skamī *skamous *skamom
dative *skamūi *skamobom *skamobos
instrumental *skamū *skamobim *skamobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *skamā *skamai *skamās
vocative *skamā *skamai *skamās
accusative *skamam *skamai *skamams
genitive *skamās *skamous *skamom
dative *skamai *skamābom *skamābos
instrumental *? *skamābim *skamābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *skamom *skamou *skamā
vocative *skamom *skamou *skamā
accusative *skamom *skamou *skamā
genitive *skamī *skamous *skamom
dative *skamūi *skamobom *skamobos
instrumental *skamū *skamobim *skamobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *skamyūs *? *skamyoses
vocative *skamyūs *? *skamyoses
accusative *skamyosam *? *skamyosams
genitive *skamisos *? *skamisom
dative *skamisei *? *skamisbos
instrumental *skamisī *? *skamisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *skamyūs *? *skamyoses
vocative *skamyūs *? *skamyoses
accusative *skamyosam *? *skamyosams
genitive *skamisos *? *skamisom
dative *skamisei *? *skamisbos
instrumental *skamisī *? *skamisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *skamyos *? *skamyosa?
vocative *skamyos *? *skamyosa?
accusative *skamyos *? *skamyosa?
genitive *skamisos *? *skamisom
dative *skamisei *? *skamisbos
instrumental *skamisī *? *skamisbis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *skaβ̃
  • Middle Irish: scam (“lung”) (only attested as plural scaim)

References

  1. ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “sgamhan”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “skamo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 339
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