Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sweideti

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *sweyd- (“to sweat”).

*sweideti

1. (secondarily) to swell
2. (originally) to sweat

• The Brittonic nouns for "sweat" are from "more probably, *swid-to- (past participle)." Although Matasović does not detail why he selected the past participle out of KPV's suggestions as the source and not the other candidates *-tis and *-tus, there are a few reasons to do so:
  • *-tis is generally feminine, which is incompatible with the masculine gender of the Brittonic nouns.
  • The past participle is closer semantically (to indicate a substance that is sweated out) compared to *-tus (which should make a noun denoting the act of sweating, not the product of such).
• The original meaning "to sweat" is thus betrayed by the past participle spawning nouns meaning "sweat".

• *swisso- (from the past participle)
  • Proto-Brythonic: *hwɨs (“sweat”)
    • Middle Breton: hues
      • Breton: c'hwez (“sweat”)
    • Cornish: hwys, hwes
    • Middle Welsh: chwys
      • Welsh: chwys
• *swissiyū (suffixed with *-tiyū)
  • ⇒ Old Irish: úrphaisiu (“cancer”)

• *sweidus

• Proto-Brythonic: *hwuɨðɨd
  • Middle Welsh: chwydo, hwydo
    • Welsh: chwyddo