Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/teɸ(e)smos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“warm, hot”).[1] The Brittonic terms may be formed from an s-stem *teɸos, combining form *teɸes-, but the Irish word cannot come from that combining form (one would expect an **ía to appear); instead the Irish must be from a base *teɸ-s- (see also *texstus).

Adjective

*teɸ(e)smos

  1. hot, warm

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smos *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smoi
vocative *teɸ(e)sme *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smoi
accusative *teɸ(e)smom *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smoms
genitive *teɸ(e)smī *teɸ(e)smous *teɸ(e)smom
dative *teɸ(e)smūi *teɸ(e)smobom *teɸ(e)smobos
instrumental *teɸ(e)smū *teɸ(e)smobim *teɸ(e)smobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smā *teɸ(e)smai *teɸ(e)smās
vocative *teɸ(e)smā *teɸ(e)smai *teɸ(e)smās
accusative *teɸ(e)smam *teɸ(e)smai *teɸ(e)smams
genitive *teɸ(e)smās *teɸ(e)smous *teɸ(e)smom
dative *teɸ(e)smai *teɸ(e)smābom *teɸ(e)smābos
instrumental *? *teɸ(e)smābim *teɸ(e)smābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smom *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smā
vocative *teɸ(e)smom *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smā
accusative *teɸ(e)smom *teɸ(e)smou *teɸ(e)smā
genitive *teɸ(e)smī *teɸ(e)smous *teɸ(e)smom
dative *teɸ(e)smūi *teɸ(e)smobom *teɸ(e)smobos
instrumental *teɸ(e)smū *teɸ(e)smobim *teɸ(e)smobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smyūs *? *teɸ(e)smyoses
vocative *teɸ(e)smyūs *? *teɸ(e)smyoses
accusative *teɸ(e)smyosam *? *teɸ(e)smyosams
genitive *teɸ(e)smisos *? *teɸ(e)smisom
dative *teɸ(e)smisei *? *teɸ(e)smisbos
instrumental *teɸ(e)smisī *? *teɸ(e)smisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smyūs *? *teɸ(e)smyoses
vocative *teɸ(e)smyūs *? *teɸ(e)smyoses
accusative *teɸ(e)smyosam *? *teɸ(e)smyosams
genitive *teɸ(e)smisos *? *teɸ(e)smisom
dative *teɸ(e)smisei *? *teɸ(e)smisbos
instrumental *teɸ(e)smisī *? *teɸ(e)smisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *teɸ(e)smis *? *?
vocative *teɸ(e)smis *? *?
accusative *teɸ(e)smis *? *?
genitive *teɸ(e)smisos *? *teɸ(e)smisom
dative *teɸ(e)smisei *? *teɸ(e)smisbos
instrumental *teɸ(e)smisī *? *teɸ(e)smisbis

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *tuɨm (< *teɸes-mos)
  • ⇒ Old Irish: timme, time (“heat”) (< *teɸ-s-m-iyā)

References

  1. ^ Irslinger, Britta Sofie (2002) Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im Altirischen [Abstracts with Dental Suffixes in Old Irish] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag C. Winter, →ISBN, pages 132-133
  2. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
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