Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸerkrets

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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

An *-ets noun from *uɸer- (over-) +‎ Proto-Indo-European *ḱreh₁- (to grow), literally overgrowth; the same root also yielded Latin crēscō (to grow).[1]

Noun

*uɸerkrets m[1][2]

  1. excess
  2. surplus

Inflection

Masculine/feminine consonant stem
singular dual plural
nominative *uɸerkrets *uɸerkrete *uɸerkretes
vocative *uɸerkrets *uɸerkrete *uɸerkretes
accusative *uɸerkretam *uɸerkrete *uɸerkretams
genitive *uɸerkretos *uɸerkretou *uɸerkretom
dative *uɸerkretei *uɸerkretobom *uɸerkretobos
locative *uɸerkreti
instrumental *uɸerkrete? *uɸerkretobim *uɸerkretobis

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *gworgred
  • Old Irish: forcraid, forcrith f (excess, superfluity) (via i-stem extension *uɸorkreti[1])

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Weiss, Michael (2012) “Interesting i-stems in Irish”, in Adam I. Cooper, Jeremy Rau and Michael Weiss, editors, Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European linguistics in honor of Alan J. Nussbaum on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday, Ann Arbor, New York: Beech Stave Press, page 351
  2. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 120:MW gworgret, gorgret, MoW also gwargred, gwarged (m) ’surplus, remainder’ < *u̯or-kret-, cf. OIr. forcraid (f, earlier n?) ’excess, superfluity’

Further reading

  • Koch, John (2004) “surplus *wor-kretV-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 347