Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/Φīweriyū

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *ɸīweriyū (“earth, soil”).^[1]

Proper noun

*Φīweriyū f^[2]^[3]

Ireland

Declension

Masculine/feminine n-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Φīweriyū	—	—
vocative	*Φīweriyū	—	—
accusative	*Φīweriyonam	—	—
genitive	*Φīweriyonos	—	—
dative	*Φīweriyonei	—	—
locative	*Φīweriyon(i)	—	—
instrumental	*Φīweriyonei	—	—

Alternative reconstructions

*Īweriyū^[4]^[5]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerið (from the nominative)
- Welsh: Iwerydd (“Atlantic (sea)”)
Proto-Brythonic: *Iwerðon (from oblique stem)
- Breton: Iwerzhon
- Cornish: Iwerdhon
- Welsh: Iwerddon
Primitive Irish: *Īweriū
- >? Old Irish: Ériu, Hériu (with unexplained irregular é)
  - Middle Irish: Ériu, Hériu
    - Irish: Éire
    - Manx: Nerin
    - Scottish Gaelic: Èirinn
  - →⇒ Old English: Īrland
    - Middle English: Irland, Ireland, Irlond
      - English: Ireland
      - → Old French: Irlande
        French: Irlande
  - → Old Norse: írar
    - Icelandic: Íri
    - Faroese: íri
    - Norwegian Nynorsk: ire
    - Norwegian Bokmål: ire
    - →? Old English: Īras
- → Ancient Greek: Ἰ̄έρνη (Īérnē), Ἰ̄ουερνία (Īouernía), Ἱ̄βερνία (Hībernía)
  - → Latin: Ierna, Iverna, Hibernia

References

^ Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 95
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fīweryon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 131
^ Koch, John (2004) “*Φīwerjon-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 185
^
^{The template Template:R:Schrijver:1997 does not use the parameter(s): 1=287
2=*īu̯Vr-ii̯ū
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy‎, Amsterdam/Atlanta, pages 293–316
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*īu̯erii̯ō(n)”

[1] Stüber, Karin (1998) The Historical Morphology of n-Stems in Celtic (Maynooth studies in Celtic linguistics; III), Department of Old Irish, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, →ISBN, page 95

[2] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fīweryon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 131

[3] Koch, John (2004) “*Φīwerjon-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda‎, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 185

[4] {The template Template:R:Schrijver:1997 does not use the parameter(s): 1=287
2=*īu̯Vr-ii̯ū
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Schrijver, Peter (1997) “Animal, vegetable and mineral: some Western European substratum words”, in Lubotsky, A., editor, Sound Law and Analogy‎, Amsterdam/Atlanta, pages 293–316

[5] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*īu̯erii̯ō(n)”

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