Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cinä
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *tinä.
The exact development of the nominative form *cinA and the inflected stem *cinu- is unclear. Traditionally, it has been thought that the *-u in oblique forms originates from a dual inflection, which has otherwise been lost (compare the Proto-Samic second-person dual pronoun *tonōj). More recently, however, this has been questioned. Kallio (2021) points out that in South Estonian (including Võro), the nominative vowel is in fact a back vowel *a, unlike in most other Finnic languages where it is *ä, and the inflection stem vowel is *-o- instead of *-u-. He considers *-u- primary, but doesn't leave out the possibility that *a is primary, or that the original form may have even been *cin.[1] This ties in to wider discussion about the exact form this pronoun had in Proto-Uralic as well.
Pronoun
*cinä
- you (singular)
Inflection
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *cinä | — | |
| accusative | *cinun | — | |
| genitive | *cinun | — | |
| partitive | *cinuda | — | |
| inessive | *cinussa *cinuhna |
— | |
| elative | *cinusta | — | |
| illative | *cinuhën | — | |
| adessive | *cinulla | — | |
| ablative | *cinulta | — | |
| allative | *cinulën *cinulëk |
— | |
| essive | *cinuna | — | |
| translative | *cinuksi | — | |
| instructive | *cinun | — | |
| comitative | *cinunëk | — | |
| abessive | *cinutta | — | |
Descendants
- Estonian: sina, sa
- Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie
- Kven: sie
- Ingrian: siä
- Karelian:
- Livonian: sinā, sa
- Livvi: sinä
- Ludian: sina
- Veps: sinä
- Võro: sa, saq
- Votic: siä
References
- ^ Petri Kallio (2021) “Kaksikko aina kaunihimpi? Itämerensuomalaisten possessiivisuffiksien taustaa”, in Taina Saarikivi, Janne Saarikivi, editors, Turhan tiedon kirja: Tutkimuksista pois jätettyjä sivuja (Kirjokansi; 291) (in Finnish), pages 157-173
- “sina”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
- Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*sin-A”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)