Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hap'at'ak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Verb
*hap'at'ak (stem *happanë-)
Inflection
Inflection of *hap'at'ak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *happanën | *happanin | — | *hap'atkon |
| 2nd sing. | *happanët | *happanit | *happanëk | *hap'atkos |
| 3rd sing. | *happanëpi *hap'an |
*happani | *hap'atkasën | *hap'atkosën |
| 1st plur. | *happanëkmëk *happanëkmak |
*happanimëk *happanimak |
*hap'atkatëmëk *hap'atkatamak |
*hap'atkotëmëk *hap'atkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *happanëktëk *happanëktak |
*happanidëk *happanidak |
*hap'atkatë *hap'atkata |
*hap'atkot'ëk *hap'atkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *happanëbat *hap'an |
*happani | *hap'atkasën | *hap'atkosën |
| passive | *happanëksën *happanët'aksën |
*hap'attisën *happanëttihën |
*hap'attakahën *happanëttagasën |
*hap'attakohën *happanëttagosën |
| connegative | *happanëk | — | *hap'atkak | *hap'atkok |
| passive connegative | *happanëktak | — | *hap'attagak *happanëttagak |
*hap'attagok *happanëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *happanëkcin | *happanicin | *hap'annën | |
| 2nd sing. | *happanëkcit | *happanicit | *hap'annët | |
| 3rd sing. | *happanëkci | *happanici | *hap'anni | |
| 1st plur. | *happanëkcimëk *happanëkcimak |
*happanicimëk *happanicimak |
*hap'annëmëk *hap'annëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *happanëkcidëk *happanëkcidak |
*happanicidëk *happanicidak |
*hap'annëdëk *hap'annëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *happanëkci | *happanici | *hap'anni | |
| passive | *hap'at'akcihën *happanët'akcisën |
*hap'atticihën *happanëtticisën |
*hap'attanëhën *happanëttanësën | |
| connegative | *happanëkcik | *happanicik | *hap'annëk | |
| passive connegative | *hap'at'akcik *happanët'akcik |
*hap'atticik *happanëtticik |
*hap'attanëk *happanëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *hap'at'ak | present | *happanëpa | *hap'attapa *happanëttaba |
| infinitive 2 | *hap'attë- | past | *hap'annut | *hap'attu *happanëttu |
| gerund/supine | *happanëma | |||
| action noun | *happanëminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: hapnema/hapneda
- Finnish: hapata
- Ingrian: hapata
- Karelian:
- Livvi: hapata
- Ludian: hapata
- Veps: hapata
- Võro: hapnõma/hapadaq
- Votic: apatõ
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “hapan”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN