Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/helkkädäk
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *helkkädäk
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *helk'än | *helk'ein | — | *helkkägon |
| 2nd sing. | *helk'ät | *helk'eit | *helk'äk | *helkkägos |
| 3rd sing. | *helkkäbi *helkkä |
*helkkei | *helkkägäsen | *helkkägosen |
| 1st plur. | *helk'äkmek *helk'äkmäk |
*helkkeimek *helkkeimäk |
*helkkägätemek *helkkägätämäk |
*helkkägotemek *helkkägotämäk |
| 2nd plur. | *helk'äktek *helk'äktäk |
*helkkeidek *helkkeidäk |
*helkkägäte *helkkägätä |
*helkkägot'ek *helkkägotädäk |
| 3rd plur. | *helkkäbät *helkkä |
*helkkei | *helkkägäsen | *helkkägosen |
| passive | *helk'äksen *helk'ät'äksen |
*helkkädisen *helk'ättisen |
*helkkädäkähen *helk'ättäkähen |
*helkkädäkohen *helk'ättäkohen |
| connegative | *helk'äk | — | *helkkägäk | *helkkägok |
| passive connegative | *helk'äktäk | — | *helkkädägäk *helk'ättägäk |
*helkkädägok *helk'ättägok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *helk'äkcin | *helkkeicin | *helkkänen | |
| 2nd sing. | *helk'äkcit | *helkkeicit | *helkkänet | |
| 3rd sing. | *helk'äkci | *helkkeici | *helkkäni | |
| 1st plur. | *helk'äkcimek *helk'äkcimäk |
*helkkeicimek *helkkeicimäk |
*helkkänemek *helkkänemäk | |
| 2nd plur. | *helk'äkcidek *helk'äkcidäk |
*helkkeicidek *helkkeicidäk |
*helkkänedek *helkkänedäk | |
| 3rd plur. | *helk'äkci | *helkkeici | *helkkäni | |
| passive | *helkkädäkcihen *helk'ät'äkcihen |
*helkkädicihen *helk'ätticihen |
*helkkädänehen *helk'ättänehen | |
| connegative | *helk'äkcik | *helkkeicik | *helkkänek | |
| passive connegative | *helkkädäkcik *helk'ät'äkcik |
*helkkädicik *helk'ätticik |
*helkkädänek *helk'ättänek | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *helkkädäk | present | *helkkäbä | *helkkädäpä *helk'ättäpä |
| infinitive 2 | *helkkäde- | past | *helkkänüt | *helkkädü *helk'ättü |
| gerund/supine | *helkkämä | |||
| action noun | *helkkäminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: helkama/helgata, helkima/helkida
- Finnish: helkkää, ⇒ helkkyä
- Karelian:
- South Karelian: helkkiä
- Livonian: eļkõ
- Livvi: helkiä
- Võro: helkämä/helgädäq
- Votic: elkkaa (Kattila)
References
Further reading
- “helkima”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012