Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/joukko
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably, as per Koivulehto, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *jaukiją (“team of oxen”) (whence Old Norse eykr), from Proto-Indo-European *yewg-.[1]
In the past it was thought that the word could originate from Proto-Finno-Ugric *jowkkᴈ, but it is now widely agreed that Hungarian gyakor, on which this reconstruction primarily rests, is in fact not related to the Finnic word, and that Proto-Uralic most likely did not have clusters of three or more consonants.
The word is also occasionally, albeit not universally, held to be related to Udmurt (ľuk) and Komi-Zyrian юк (juk). According to one theory, the loanword would be old enough to have reached the Permic languages as well.[1] Alternatively, the Permic words could be borrowed from Finnic.
Noun
*joukko
Inflection
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *joukko | *jouk'ot | |
| accusative | *jouk'on | *jouk'ot | |
| genitive | *jouk'on | *joukkodën *joukkoidën | |
| partitive | *joukkoda | *joukkoida | |
| inessive | *jouk'ossa *jouk'ohna |
*jouk'oissa *jouk'oihna | |
| elative | *jouk'osta | *jouk'oista | |
| illative | *joukkohën | *joukkoihën | |
| adessive | *jouk'olla | *jouk'oilla | |
| ablative | *jouk'olta | *jouk'oilta | |
| allative | *joukkolën *joukkolëk |
*joukkoilën *joukkoilëk | |
| essive | *joukkona | *joukkoina | |
| translative | *jouk'oksi | *jouk'oiksi | |
| instructive | *jouk'on | *jouk'oin | |
| comitative | *joukkonëk | *joukkoinëk | |
| abessive | *jouk'otta | *jouk'oitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: jõuk
- Finnish: joukko, joukkio (“a group of people”)
- Ingrian: joukko
- Karelian: joukko
- Livvi: joukko
- Ludian: d'ouk
- Veps: jouk
- Votic: (Kattila) jõukku