From earlier *kärtitäk, probably borrowed from Proto-Germanic *hardijaną.[1] Alternatively and less likely from Proto-Finno-Permic *kärte-[2] (compare Erzya кирдемс (kirdems, “to hold, endure”)), but this etymology is probably irregular. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kiertëtēk.
Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
present | past | imperative | optative | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st sing. | *kärcin | *kärcejin | — | *kärcigon |
2nd sing. | *kärcit | *kärcejit | *kärcik | *kärcigos |
3rd sing. | *kärcibi *kärci |
*kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
1st plur. | *kärcikmek *kärcikmäk |
*kärcejimek *kärcejimäk |
*kärcigätemek *kärcigätämäk |
*kärcigotemek *kärcigotämäk |
2nd plur. | *kärciktek *kärciktäk |
*kärcejidek *kärcejidäk |
*kärcigäte *kärcigätä |
*kärcigot'ek *kärcigotädäk |
3rd plur. | *kärcibät *kärci |
*kärceji | *kärcigäsen | *kärcigosen |
passive | *kärciksen *kärcit'äksen |
*kärcidisen *kärcittisen |
*kärcidäkähen *kärcittäkähen |
*kärcidäkohen *kärcittäkohen |
connegative | *kärcik | — | *kärcigäk | *kärcigok |
passive connegative | *kärciktäk | — | *kärcidägäk *kärcittägäk |
*kärcidägok *kärcittägok |
conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
1st sing. | *kärcikcin | *kärcejicin | *kärcinen | |
2nd sing. | *kärcikcit | *kärcejicit | *kärcinet | |
3rd sing. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
1st plur. | *kärcikcimek *kärcikcimäk |
*kärcejicimek *kärcejicimäk |
*kärcinemek *kärcinemäk | |
2nd plur. | *kärcikcidek *kärcikcidäk |
*kärcejicidek *kärcejicidäk |
*kärcinedek *kärcinedäk | |
3rd plur. | *kärcikci | *kärcejici | *kärcini | |
passive | *kärcidäkcihen *kärcit'äkcihen |
*kärcidicihen *kärcitticihen |
*kärcidänehen *kärcittänehen | |
connegative | *kärcikcik | *kärcejicik | *kärcinek | |
passive connegative | *kärcidäkcik *kärcit'äkcik |
*kärcidicik *kärcitticik |
*kärcidänek *kärcittänek | |
non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
active | passive | |||
infinitive 1 | *kärcidäk | present | *kärcibä | *kärcidäpä *kärcittäpä |
infinitive 2 | *kärcide- | past | *kärcinüt | *kärcidü *kärcittü |
gerund/supine | *kärcimä | |||
action noun | *kärciminen |