Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kangas
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
Likely borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gangaz (compare Danish gang (“forty warp threads”), Middle High German ganc (“warp count (in weaving)”), Middle Low German ganc (“warp count (in weaving)”)) and/or Proto-Germanic *hangaz (“hanging”) (as in "fabric still hanging in the loom").[1]
Noun
*kangas[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *kangas
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kangas | *kankahët | |
| accusative | *kankahën | *kankahët | |
| genitive | *kankahën | *kangastën *kankahidën | |
| partitive | *kangasta | *kankahita | |
| inessive | *kankahëssa *kankahëhna |
*kankahissa *kankahihna | |
| elative | *kankahësta | *kankahista | |
| illative | *kankahësën | *kankahisën | |
| adessive | *kankahëlla | *kankahilla | |
| ablative | *kankahëlta | *kankahilta | |
| allative | *kankahëlën *kankahëlëk |
*kankahilën *kankahilëk | |
| essive | *kangassa | *kankahina | |
| translative | *kankahëksi | *kankahiksi | |
| instructive | *kankahën | *kankahin | |
| comitative | *kangassëk | *kankahinëk | |
| abessive | *kankahëtta | *kankahitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kangas
- Finnish: kangas
- Ingrian: kangas
- Karelian:
- Livonian: kāngaz
- Livvi: kangas
- Ludian: kangaz
- Veps: kangaz
- Võro: kangas
- Votic: kangõz
References
Further reading
- “kangas”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kangas”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gangaz (“way, passage”).[1]
Noun
*kangas
Inflection
Inflection of *kangas
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kangas | *kankahët | |
| accusative | *kankahën | *kankahët | |
| genitive | *kankahën | *kangastën *kankahidën | |
| partitive | *kangasta | *kankahita | |
| inessive | *kankahëssa *kankahëhna |
*kankahissa *kankahihna | |
| elative | *kankahësta | *kankahista | |
| illative | *kankahësën | *kankahisën | |
| adessive | *kankahëlla | *kankahilla | |
| ablative | *kankahëlta | *kankahilta | |
| allative | *kankahëlën *kankahëlëk |
*kankahilën *kankahilëk | |
| essive | *kangassa | *kankahina | |
| translative | *kankahëksi | *kankahiksi | |
| instructive | *kankahën | *kankahin | |
| comitative | *kangassëk | *kankahinëk | |
| abessive | *kankahëtta | *kankahitta | |
Descendants
- ⇒ Estonian: kangur (“pile of rocks”), kanger
- Finnish: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”)
- Ingrian: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”)
- Karelian:
- ⇒ Livonian: kāngar (“ridge (e.g. Curonian dune ridge)”)
- → Latvian: kangars (“hillcrest, dune crest”)
- Livvi: kangas (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol; boreal forest”)
- Ludian: kangaz (“kind of dry soil with moraine and podzol”)
- Veps: kangaz (“dry uneven ground”)
- Votic: kangõz (“moor”)
References
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Further reading
- “kangur”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kangas”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN