Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kasvadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *kaswa-, whence also Erzya касомс (kasoms).[1] Possibly an ancient loan from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ewks- (from *h₂ewg- (“to grow”)), with regular metathesis from *kawsa-. Alternatively a substrate borrowing.[2]
Verb
- to grow
Inflection
Inflection of *kasvadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kasvan | *kasvoin | — | *kasvagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kasvat | *kasvoit | *kasvak | *kasvagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kasvabi *kasva |
*kasvoi | *kasvagasën | *kasvagosën |
| 1st plur. | *kasvakmëk *kasvakmak |
*kasvoimëk *kasvoimak |
*kasvagatëmëk *kasvagatamak |
*kasvagotëmëk *kasvagotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kasvaktëk *kasvaktak |
*kasvoidëk *kasvoidak |
*kasvagatë *kasvagata |
*kasvagot'ëk *kasvagotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kasvabat *kasva |
*kasvoi | *kasvagasën | *kasvagosën |
| passive | *kasvaksën *kasvat'aksën |
*kasvadisën *kasvattisën |
*kasvadakahën *kasvattakahën |
*kasvadakohën *kasvattakohën |
| connegative | *kasvak | — | *kasvagak | *kasvagok |
| passive connegative | *kasvaktak | — | *kasvadagak *kasvattagak |
*kasvadagok *kasvattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kasvakcin | *kasvoicin | *kasvanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kasvakcit | *kasvoicit | *kasvanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kasvakci | *kasvoici | *kasvani | |
| 1st plur. | *kasvakcimëk *kasvakcimak |
*kasvoicimëk *kasvoicimak |
*kasvanëmëk *kasvanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kasvakcidëk *kasvakcidak |
*kasvoicidëk *kasvoicidak |
*kasvanëdëk *kasvanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kasvakci | *kasvoici | *kasvani | |
| passive | *kasvadakcihën *kasvat'akcihën |
*kasvadicihën *kasvatticihën |
*kasvadanëhën *kasvattanëhën | |
| connegative | *kasvakcik | *kasvoicik | *kasvanëk | |
| passive connegative | *kasvadakcik *kasvat'akcik |
*kasvadicik *kasvatticik |
*kasvadanëk *kasvattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kasvadak | present | *kasvaba | *kasvadapa *kasvattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kasvadë- | past | *kasvanut | *kasvadu *kasvattu |
| gerund/supine | *kasvama | |||
| action noun | *kasvaminen | |||
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: kasvama/kasvada
- Finnish: kasvaa
- Ingrian: kasvaa
- Karelian:
- Livonian: ka’zzõ, (Salaca) kazz
- Livvi: kazvua
- Ludian: kazvada
- Veps: kazda
- Võro: kasuma/kassuq
- Votic: kazva
References
- ^ Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “kasvaa”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja (in Finnish), retrieved 2024-01-01
- ^ М.А. Живлов. Неиндоевропейский субстрат в финно-волжских языках. X Чтения памяти С.А. Старостина ~ 27 марта 2015
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kasva-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- “kasvama”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #250 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.