Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kuľma.
Noun
*kulma
Inflection
Inflection of *kulma
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kulma | *kulmat | |
| accusative | *kulman | *kulmat | |
| genitive | *kulman | *kulmadën *kulmëidën | |
| partitive | *kulmada | *kulmëida | |
| inessive | *kulmassa *kulmahna |
*kulmëissa *kulmëihna | |
| elative | *kulmasta | *kulmëista | |
| illative | *kulmahën | *kulmëihën | |
| adessive | *kulmalla | *kulmëilla | |
| ablative | *kulmalta | *kulmëilta | |
| allative | *kulmalën *kulmalëk |
*kulmëilën *kulmëilëk | |
| essive | *kulmana | *kulmëina | |
| translative | *kulmaksi | *kulmëiksi | |
| instructive | *kulman | *kulmëin | |
| comitative | *kulmanëk | *kulmëinëk | |
| abessive | *kulmatta | *kulmëitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kulm
- Finnish: kulma
- Ingrian: kulma
- Karelian: kulma
- Livonian: gūlma
- Livvi: kulmu
- Ludian: kulm
- Veps: kulm
- Võro: kulm
- Votic: kulmõ, (Kattila, Mati, Pummala) kulmo
- → Proto-Samic: *kulmē
Further reading
- “kulm”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Entry #392 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kulma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN