Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kuma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly from the same root as *kumistak.
Adjective
*kuma[1]
Noun
*kuma
Declension
Inflection of *kuma
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kuma | *kumat | |
| accusative | *kuman | *kumat | |
| genitive | *kuman | *kumadën *kumëidën | |
| partitive | *kumada | *kumëida | |
| inessive | *kumassa *kumahna |
*kumëissa *kumëihna | |
| elative | *kumasta | *kumëista | |
| illative | *kumahën | *kumëihën | |
| adessive | *kumalla | *kumëilla | |
| ablative | *kumalta | *kumëilta | |
| allative | *kumalën *kumalëk |
*kumëilën *kumëilëk | |
| essive | *kumana | *kumëina | |
| translative | *kumaksi | *kumëiksi | |
| instructive | *kuman | *kumëin | |
| comitative | *kumanëk | *kumëinëk | |
| abessive | *kumatta | *kumëitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kuma
- Finnish: (obsolete) kuma, ⇒ kumottaa, kumea
- Karelian: ⇒
- North Karelian: kumottua
- Livvi: ⇒ kumottua
- >? Võro: kuma
- Votic: ⇒ kumatõ (Jõgõperä)
References
Further reading
- “kuma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kuma”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN