Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kundëldak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kontale-. Cognates include Hungarian hall.
Verb
*kundëldak (stem *kuntëlë-)[1]
- to listen (to)
Usage notes
In many descendants, the root vowel has become long (*-uu-), probably due to influence from *kuuldak (“to hear”) and verbs derived from it.
Inflection
Inflection of *kundëldak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kuntëlën | *kuntëlin | — | *kundëlgon |
| 2nd sing. | *kuntëlët | *kuntëlit | *kuntëlëk | *kundëlgos |
| 3rd sing. | *kuntëlëpi *kundël |
*kuntëli | *kundëlkasën | *kundëlkosën |
| 1st plur. | *kuntëlëkmëk *kuntëlëkmak |
*kuntëlimëk *kuntëlimak |
*kundëlkatëmëk *kundëlkatamak |
*kundëlkotëmëk *kundëlkotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kuntëlëktëk *kuntëlëktak |
*kuntëlidëk *kuntëlidak |
*kundëlkatë *kundëlkata |
*kundëlgot'ëk *kundëlkotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kuntëlëbat *kundël |
*kuntëli | *kundëlkasën | *kundëlkosën |
| passive | *kuntëlëksën *kuntëlët'aksën |
*kundëltisën *kuntëlëttihën |
*kundëltakahën *kuntëlëttagasën |
*kundëltakohën *kuntëlëttagosën |
| connegative | *kuntëlëk | — | *kundëlgak | *kundëlgok |
| passive connegative | *kuntëlëktak | — | *kundëltagak *kuntëlëttagak |
*kundëltagok *kuntëlëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kuntëlëkcin | *kuntëlicin | *kundëllën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kuntëlëkcit | *kuntëlicit | *kundëllët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kuntëlëkci | *kuntëlici | *kundëlli | |
| 1st plur. | *kuntëlëkcimëk *kuntëlëkcimak |
*kuntëlicimëk *kuntëlicimak |
*kundëllëmëk *kundëllëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kuntëlëkcidëk *kuntëlëkcidak |
*kuntëlicidëk *kuntëlicidak |
*kundëllëdëk *kundëllëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kuntëlëkci | *kuntëlici | *kundëlli | |
| passive | *kundëldakcihën *kuntëlët'akcisën |
*kundëlticihën *kuntëlëtticisën |
*kundëltanëhën *kuntëlëttanësën | |
| connegative | *kuntëlëkcik | *kuntëlicik | *kundëllëk | |
| passive connegative | *kundëldakcik *kuntëlët'akcik |
*kundëlticik *kuntëlëtticik |
*kundëltanëk *kuntëlëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kundëldak | present | *kuntëlëpa | *kundëltapa *kuntëlëttaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kundëltë- | past | *kundëllut | *kundëltu *kuntëlëttu |
| gerund/supine | *kuntëlëma | |||
| action noun | *kuntëlëminen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: kuunnella, (dialectal) kunnella
- Ingrian: kuunnella
- Karelian:
- Livvi: kuunnella
- Ludian: kuundelta
- Veps: kundelta
- Votic: kuunõllõ, kuunnõllõ
References
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kuunnella”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN