Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/surdak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *śure-. Directly cognate with Eastern Khanty (“to die”).
Verb
- to die
Inflection
Inflection of *surdak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *surën | *surin | — | *surgon |
| 2nd sing. | *surët | *surit | *surëk | *surgos |
| 3rd sing. | *surëbi *suri |
*suri | *surkahën | *surkohën |
| 1st plur. | *surëkmëk *surëkmak |
*surimëk *surimak |
*surkadëmëk *surkadamak |
*surkodëmëk *surkodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *surëktëk *surëktak |
*suridëk *suridak |
*surkadë *surkada |
*surgot'ëk *surkodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *surëbat *suri |
*suri | *surkahën | *surkohën |
| passive | *surëksën *surët'aksën |
*surtihën *surëttisën |
*surtagasën *surëttakahën |
*surtagosën *surëttakohën |
| connegative | *surëk | — | *surgak | *surgok |
| passive connegative | *surëktak | — | *surtagak *surëttagak |
*surtagok *surëttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *surëkcin | *suricin | *surnën | |
| 2nd sing. | *surëkcit | *suricit | *surnët | |
| 3rd sing. | *surëkci | *surici | *surni | |
| 1st plur. | *surëkcimëk *surëkcimak |
*suricimëk *suricimak |
*surnëmëk *surnëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *surëkcidëk *surëkcidak |
*suricidëk *suricidak |
*surnëdëk *surnëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *surëkci | *surici | *surni | |
| passive | *surdakcisën *surët'akcihën |
*surticisën *surëtticihën |
*surtanësën *surëttanëhën | |
| connegative | *surëkcik | *suricik | *surnëk | |
| passive connegative | *surdakcik *surët'akcik |
*surticik *surëtticik |
*surtanëk *surëttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *surdak | present | *surëba | *surtaba *surëttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *surtë- | past | *surnut | *surtu *surëttu |
| gerund/supine | *surëma | |||
| action noun | *surëminen | |||
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Estonian: surema/surra
- Finnish: surra
- Ingrian: surra
- Karelian: surra
- Ludian: surematoińe (from seeming *surëmat'oin)
- Veps: surduda (from seeming *surtudak)
- Votic: surrõ
- → Lule Sami: surrat
- → Inari Sami: suurrađ
References
- “surema”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN