Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toivodak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Related to Proto-Samic *toajvōtēk. Koivulehto has proposed that the word is an Indo-Iranian borrowing (and akin to Sanskrit दैव (daiva, “divine”)).
Verb
Inflection
Inflection of *toivodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *toivon | *toivoin | — | *toivogon |
| 2nd sing. | *toivot | *toivoit | *toivok | *toivogos |
| 3rd sing. | *toivobi *toivo |
*toivoi | *toivogasën | *toivogosën |
| 1st plur. | *toivokmëk *toivokmak |
*toivoimëk *toivoimak |
*toivogatëmëk *toivogatamak |
*toivogotëmëk *toivogotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *toivoktëk *toivoktak |
*toivoidëk *toivoidak |
*toivogatë *toivogata |
*toivogot'ëk *toivogotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *toivobat *toivo |
*toivoi | *toivogasën | *toivogosën |
| passive | *toivoksën *toivot'aksën |
*toivodisën *toivottisën |
*toivodakahën *toivottakahën |
*toivodakohën *toivottakohën |
| connegative | *toivok | — | *toivogak | *toivogok |
| passive connegative | *toivoktak | — | *toivodagak *toivottagak |
*toivodagok *toivottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *toivokcin | *toivoicin | *toivonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *toivokcit | *toivoicit | *toivonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *toivokci | *toivoici | *toivoni | |
| 1st plur. | *toivokcimëk *toivokcimak |
*toivoicimëk *toivoicimak |
*toivonëmëk *toivonëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *toivokcidëk *toivokcidak |
*toivoicidëk *toivoicidak |
*toivonëdëk *toivonëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *toivokci | *toivoici | *toivoni | |
| passive | *toivodakcihën *toivot'akcihën |
*toivodicihën *toivotticihën |
*toivodanëhën *toivottanëhën | |
| connegative | *toivokcik | *toivoicik | *toivonëk | |
| passive connegative | *toivodakcik *toivot'akcik |
*toivodicik *toivotticik |
*toivodanëk *toivottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *toivodak | present | *toivoba | *toivodapa *toivottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *toivodë- | past | *toivonut | *toivodu *toivottu |
| gerund/supine | *toivoma | |||
| action noun | *toivominen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: toivoa
- Ingrian: toivoa (< *toivoidak)
- → Votic: toivoa
- Karelian: toivuo
- Veps: toivoda
- Votic: (Mati) tõivoa