Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/torjudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unclear. Possibly a cognate with Proto-Samic *toarjōtēk.
Verb
*torjudak (stem *torju-)
- to fend off, to repulse, to drive away
Inflection
Inflection of *torjudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *torjun | *torjuin | — | *torjugon |
| 2nd sing. | *torjut | *torjuit | *torjuk | *torjugos |
| 3rd sing. | *torjubi *torju |
*torjui | *torjugasën | *torjugosën |
| 1st plur. | *torjukmëk *torjukmak |
*torjuimëk *torjuimak |
*torjugatëmëk *torjugatamak |
*torjugotëmëk *torjugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *torjuktëk *torjuktak |
*torjuidëk *torjuidak |
*torjugatë *torjugata |
*torjugot'ëk *torjugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *torjubat *torju |
*torjui | *torjugasën | *torjugosën |
| passive | *torjuksën *torjut'aksën |
*torjudisën *torjuttisën |
*torjudakahën *torjuttakahën |
*torjudakohën *torjuttakohën |
| connegative | *torjuk | — | *torjugak | *torjugok |
| passive connegative | *torjuktak | — | *torjudagak *torjuttagak |
*torjudagok *torjuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *torjukcin | *torjuicin | *torjunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *torjukcit | *torjuicit | *torjunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *torjukci | *torjuici | *torjuni | |
| 1st plur. | *torjukcimëk *torjukcimak |
*torjuicimëk *torjuicimak |
*torjunëmëk *torjunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *torjukcidëk *torjukcidak |
*torjuicidëk *torjuicidak |
*torjunëdëk *torjunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *torjukci | *torjuici | *torjuni | |
| passive | *torjudakcihën *torjut'akcihën |
*torjudicihën *torjutticihën |
*torjudanëhën *torjuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *torjukcik | *torjuicik | *torjunëk | |
| passive connegative | *torjudakcik *torjut'akcik |
*torjudicik *torjutticik |
*torjudanëk *torjuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *torjudak | present | *torjuba | *torjudapa *torjuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *torjudë- | past | *torjunut | *torjudu *torjuttu |
| gerund/supine | *torjuma | |||
| action noun | *torjuminen | |||
Descendants
Further reading
- “tõrjuma”, in Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012