Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ulko
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Permic *ulka(-w). Cognates include Proto-Samic *olkō (Northern Sami olgu, Ume Sami ulks) and Komi-Zyrian ылавны (ylavny).
Noun
*ulko[1]
Inflection
Inflection of *ulko
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *ulko | *ulgot | |
| accusative | *ulgon | *ulgot | |
| genitive | *ulgon | *ulkodën *ulkoidën | |
| partitive | *ulkoda | *ulkoida | |
| inessive | *ulgossa *ulgohna |
*ulgoissa *ulgoihna | |
| elative | *ulgosta | *ulgoista | |
| illative | *ulkohën | *ulkoihën | |
| adessive | *ulgolla | *ulgoilla | |
| ablative | *ulgolta | *ulgoilta | |
| allative | *ulkolën *ulkolëk |
*ulkoilën *ulkoilëk | |
| essive | *ulkona | *ulkoina | |
| translative | *ulgoksi | *ulgoiksi | |
| instructive | *ulgon | *ulgoin | |
| comitative | *ulkonëk | *ulkoinëk | |
| abessive | *ulgotta | *ulgoitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: ulgu-
- Finnish: ulko-, ⇒ ulkona, ulkoa, ulos
- Ingrian: ulko-, ⇒ ulos, ulkool
- Karelian:
- ⇒ Livonian: ullõ, uldǒ, uldzõ
- Livvi: ulgo-, ⇒ ulgon, ullos
- ⇒ Ludian: ulgoze
- ⇒ Veps: ulgostada
References
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “ulko”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN