Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þawjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂- (“to melt”).

Verb

*þawjaną^[1]

to thaw

Inflection

Conjugation of *þawjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þawjō	*þawjaų	—	*þawjai	?
2nd singular	*þawisi	*þawjais	*þawi	*þawjasai	*þawjaisau
3rd singular	*þawiþi	*þawjai	*þawjaþau	*þawjaþai	*þawjaiþau
1st dual	*þawjōs	*þawjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þawjaþiz	*þawjaiþiz	*þawjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þawjamaz	*þawjaim	—	*þawjanþai	*þawjainþau
2nd plural	*þawiþ	*þawjaiþ	*þawiþ	*þawjanþai	*þawjainþau
3rd plural	*þawjanþi	*þawjain	*þawjanþau	*þawjanþai	*þawjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þawidǭ	*þawidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þawidēz	*þawidēdīz
3rd singular	*þawidē	*þawidēdī
1st dual	*þawidēdū	*þawidēdīw
2nd dual	*þawidēdudiz	*þawidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þawidēdum	*þawidēdīm
2nd plural	*þawidēdud	*þawidēdīd
3rd plural	*þawidēdun	*þawidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þawjandz	*þawidaz

Related terms

*þawanōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þauwjan
- Old English: þawian
  - Middle English: thawen, thowen
    - English: thaw
    - Scots: thow
- Old Frisian: *thēia
  - West Frisian: teie
- Old Saxon: *thouwian, thōian
  - Middle Low German: douwen, dôien, deyen
    - German Low German: deien
- Old Dutch: *thōien
  - Middle Dutch: dôyen
    - Dutch: dooien
- Old High German: thouwen
  - Middle High German: douwen
    - ⇒ Middle High German: touwen (merged with *dawwāną)
      - German: tauen
  - ⇒ Old High German: firthouwen
    - Middle High German: verdouwen
      - German: verdauen
Old Norse: þeyja
- Icelandic: þeyja
- Faroese: toyggja, toya
- Norwegian: tøya
- Swedish: töa
- Danish: tø

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PNWGmc *þawjaną”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 148: “PNWGmc *þawjaną”

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