Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þeubaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Proto-Germanic *tewpós, further origin is unknown. Probably related to Lithuanian tupė́ti (“to crouch, cower, squat”) (from Proto-Indo-European *tewp- (“to get down, conceal oneself”)).^[1]^[2] Alternatively, borrowed from a non-Indo-European substrate.^[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθeu̯.βɑz/

Noun

*þeubaz m

thief

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *þeubaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þeubaz	þeubōz, þeubōs
vocative	*þeub	þeubōz, þeubōs
accusative	*þeubą	*þeubanz
genitive	þeubas, þiubis	*þeubǫ̂
dative	*þeubai	*þeubamaz
instrumental	*þeubō	*þeubamiz

Derived terms

Related terms

*þubōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þeub
- Old English: þēof
  - Middle English: thef, theef, theff, thyef, þef, þeef, þief, þyef, þeof, thefe
    - English: thief
    - Scots: thef, theif, thief
- Old Frisian: thiāf, tiēf
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: tiif
  - Saterland Frisian: Tjoof
  - West Frisian: tsjeaf
- Old Saxon: thiof
  - Middle Low German: dêf, dief
    - German Low German: Deef, Deev, Deew, Deiw
    - Plautdietsch: Deef, Deiw
    - → Saterland Frisian: Däif
- Old Dutch: *thiof
  - Middle Dutch: dief
    - Dutch: dief
      - Afrikaans: dief
    - Limburgish: deef
- Old High German: diob
  - Middle High German: diup, diep
    - Cimbrian: diip
    - German: Dieb
    - Luxembourgish: Déif
    - Pennsylvania German: Dieb
    - Vilamovian: dīb
Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (*þeubaʀ) (in ᛗᚨᚱᛁᚦᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (mariþeubaʀ))
- Old West Norse: þjófr
  - Icelandic: þjófur
  - Faroese: tjóvur
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: tjov, tjuv; (dialectal) tjóv’e, tju, tjyv
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: tjuv
- Old East Norse: *þiūβʀ
  - Elfdalian: tjuov
  - Old Swedish: þiūver, þiuuær, þiuvær
    - Swedish: tjuv, (archaic or obsolete) tjuf, tiuf
  - Old Danish: thiūf, (Scanian) þiufær
    - Scanian: tjúv
    - Danish: tyv
      - Norwegian Bokmål: tyv
- Old Gutnish: þiaufr
  - Gutnish: töiv
Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (þiufs)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þeuba-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 539
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1085”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1085
^ van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “dief”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þeuba-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 539

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1085”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1085

[3] van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “dief”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

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