Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurstijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *þurstuz (“thirst”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈθurs.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þurstijaną^[1]^[2]

(impersonal, with accusative) to thirst, to be thirsty

Inflection

Conjugation of *þurstijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*þurstijō	*þurstijaų	—	*þurstijai	?
2nd singular	*þurstīsi	*þurstijais	*þurstī	*þurstijasai	*þurstijaisau
3rd singular	*þurstīþi	*þurstijai	*þurstijaþau	*þurstijaþai	*þurstijaiþau
1st dual	*þurstijōs	*þurstijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*þurstijaþiz	*þurstijaiþiz	*þurstijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*þurstijamaz	*þurstijaim	—	*þurstijanþai	*þurstijainþau
2nd plural	*þurstīþ	*þurstijaiþ	*þurstīþ	*þurstijanþai	*þurstijainþau
3rd plural	*þurstijanþi	*þurstijain	*þurstijanþau	*þurstijanþai	*þurstijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*þurstidǭ	*þurstidēdį̄
2nd singular	*þurstidēz	*þurstidēdīz
3rd singular	*þurstidē	*þurstidēdī
1st dual	*þurstidēdū	*þurstidēdīw
2nd dual	*þurstidēdudiz	*þurstidēdīdiz
1st plural	*þurstidēdum	*þurstidēdīm
2nd plural	*þurstidēdud	*þurstidēdīd
3rd plural	*þurstidēdun	*þurstidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*þurstijandz	*þurstidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *þurstijan
- Old English: þyrstan
  - Middle English: thirsten
    - English: thirst
- Old Frisian:
  - >? West Frisian: toarstje, toarstgje (a class 2 verb, possibly a new formation)
- Old Saxon: thurstian
  - Middle Low German: dörsten
- Old Dutch: thursten
  - Middle Dutch: dorsten
    - Dutch: dorsten
- Old High German: dursten
  - Middle High German: dürsten
    - German: dürsten
Old Norse: þyrsta
- Icelandic: þyrsta
- Faroese: tysta
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: tyrsta, tyrste, tørsta, tørste
  - Norwegian Bokmål: tørste
- Swedish: törsta
- Danish: tørste
Gothic: 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þaurstjan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þurstu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 553: “*þurstjan”
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þurstjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[Kroonen-1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*þurstu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 553: “*þurstjan”

[Orel-2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*þurstjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurstijaną

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