Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ōbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

The causative-iterative formation to a lost strong verb *afaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ep- (“to labor, work”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

*ōbijaną

1. to perform, practice

• *abnijaną
• *abraz
• *aflą
• *ōbō

• Old Frisian: ēwa, jōwa
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: ōvenia, ōvonia, ōfnia
    • West Frisian: oefenje
• Old Saxon: ōbian, ōvian
  • Middle Low German: ôven
    • German Low German: öven
    • → Danish: øve
    • → Swedish: öva
    • → Norwegian: øve
• Old Dutch: *uoven
  • Middle Dutch: oeven
    • Dutch: oeven (archaic, dialectal)
    • ⇒ Middle Dutch: oefenen
      • Dutch: oefenen
        • Afrikaans: oefen
• Old High German: uoben, uaben, uopen
  • Middle High German: uoben, üeben, üben
    • German: üben
      • →? Saterland Frisian: üübje
      • → Luxembourgish: üben
    • Hunsrik: ieve
    • Rhine Franconian: iwe
• Old Norse: *œfa
  • Icelandic: æfa

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “*ōbjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393