Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-, or possibly from *-īnaz +‎ *-gaz. Compare *-ungō (suffix forming gerunds).

• IPA^(key): /iŋ.ɡɑz/

*-ingaz m

1. Forms derivatives of nouns with sense of 'belonging to, coming from, descending from'.

• *-ilingaz

• Proto-West Germanic: *-ing
  • Old English: -ing
    • Middle English: -ing, -yng
      • English: -ing
      • Scots: -ing, -in, -een
  • Old Frisian: -ing
    • Saterland Frisian: -ing
    • West Frisian: -ing
  • Old Saxon: -ing
    • Middle Low German: -inc
      • German Low German: -ing
  • Old Dutch: -ing
    • Middle Dutch: -inc
      • Dutch: -ing (also -ink in names)
  • Old High German: -ing
    • Middle High German: -inc
      • German: -ing
• Old Norse: -ingr
  • Icelandic: -ingur
  • Faroese: -ingur
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing
  • Norwegian Bokmål: -ing
  • Old Swedish: -inger
    • Swedish: -ing, -ling
  • Danish: -ing
• → Vulgar Latin: *-ingus, *-engus
  • Spanish: -(l)engo
  • French: -(l)ingien, -(l)ange, -(l)ans, -(l)ine, -(l)ingues
  • Italian: -ingo, -engo, -lengo
  • Galician: -(l)engo
  • Portuguese: -engo
  • Occitan: -enc
  • Catalan: -enc