Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/after

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From the locative form of Pre-Germanic *h₂ep(o)teros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away, off, from”) + *-teros.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈɑɸ.ter/

*after^[1]

1. after, behind

*after^[1]

1. after, behind

• *afteraz
• *afti
• *aftiri
• *aftrą
• *aftai

• Proto-West Germanic: *aftar, *after
  • Old English: æfter
    • Middle English: æfter, efter, after
      • Scots: efter
      • English: after
  • Old Frisian: efter, after
    • North Frisian: efter
    • Saterland Frisian: ätter
    • West Frisian: efter; after, achter
  • Old Saxon: aftar, after
    • Middle Low German: after, achter, echter
      • Low German: achter, aster
      • German Low German: achter; ächter (Münsterländisch & Paderbornisch)
  • Old Dutch: after, aftir
    • Middle Dutch: after, affter, achter, echter
      • Dutch: achter; after (dialectal)
        • Afrikaans: agter
  • Old High German: after, aftar; ahter (northern)
    • Middle High German: after; *ahter, *achter
      • German: after; After
      • Luxembourgish: uechter (“throughout”)
• Proto-Norse: ᚨᚠᛏᛖᚱ (after), ᛡᚠᚨᛏᛉ (ᴀfatʀ /⁠afᵃtr⁠/)
  • Old Norse: eptir, ept, at, ᛁᚠᛏᛁᛦ (iftiʀ), ᛁᚠᛏᛁᚱ (iftir), ᛁᛒᛏᛁᛦ (ibtiʀ), ᛅᚠᛏᛁᛦ (aftiʀ), ᚬᚠᛏᛁᛦ (ąftiʀ), ᛅᛒᛏᛁᛦ (abtiʀ)
    • Icelandic: eftir
    • Faroese: eftir
    • Norn: efter
    • Middle Norwegian: ettir
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: etter
        • → Norwegian Bokmål: etter
    • Old Jamtish: efti
      • Jamtish: ette
    • Elfdalian: etter
    • Old Swedish: æptir, æftir, ættir
      • Swedish: efter
    • Old Danish: æftær, æftir
      • Danish: efter
        • Norwegian Bokmål: efter (unofficial, riksmål)
      • Scanian: ætte
    • Old Gutnish: eptir, aktr, ebtir, efter, eftir, epter
      • Gutnish: etta, ettar, yttur (fårö)