Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.nɑz/

Numeral

**Proto-Germanic cardinal numbers**
	1	2 >
Cardinal : ainaz Ordinal* : frumô Adverbial* : ainas Multiplier* : *ainafalþaz

*ainaz

(in the singular) one
(in the plural) some

Inflection

Declension of *ainaz (a-stem, strong only)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*ainaz	*ainō	ainą, -at(ō)	*ainai	*ainôz	*ainō
accusative	*ainanǭ	*ainǭ	ainą, -at(ō)	*ainanz	*ainōz	*ainō
genitive	ainas, ainis	*ainaizōz	ainas, ainis	*ainaizǫ̂	*ainaizǫ̂	*ainaizǫ̂
dative	*ainammai	*ainaizōi	*ainammai	*ainaimaz	*ainaimaz	*ainaimaz
instrumental	*ainanō	*ainaizō	*ainanō	*ainaimiz	*ainaimiz	*ainaimiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ain
- Old English: ān
  - Middle English: on, oon, one, oen, oune, hon, none, an, anne, onne, an, ane, auen, aune (Northern), auen, aune (north Midland), enne, onen, onenen (Kent), en, an, ane (Early Middle English), won, von, wone (Late Middle English), oon, one, an (Northern), an, ane (Early Middle English)
    - English: one, an, a, yan (dialectal)
    - Geordie English: yen
    - Scots: ane, wan, yin, ae
    - Yola: oan, ane, own
- Old Frisian: ēn, ān, een
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum:
    Föhr: een m, ian f or n
    Amrum: ään m, ian f or n
    Goesharde:
    Hoolmer: åån m, iin f or n
    Hoorninger: aan m, iin f or n
    Halligen: aon m, ian f or n
    Heligoland: iaan, jaan
    Mooring: ån m, iinj f or n
    Sylt: jen
    Wiedingharde: oan m, iin f or n
  - Saterland Frisian: aan m, een f or n
  - West Frisian: ien
- Old Saxon: ēn
  - Middle Low German: ên, ein
    - Low German: ein, en
      - German Low German: een (Hamburgisch)
      - Westphalian:
        Lippisch: eun
        Ravensbergisch: åine
        Sauerländisch: ên
        Westmünsterländisch: een, eene, ne
    - Plautdietsch: een
- Old Dutch: ēn
  - Middle Dutch: êen
    - Dutch: een
      - Afrikaans: een, 'n
    - West Flemish: ien, jin
  - Limburgish: ein
- Old High German: ein, ain
  - Middle High German: ein
    - Alemannic German: ain, äin, a, an, en
    - Bavarian: a
      Cimbrian: a, an (“a, an”); òan, umm (“one”)
      Mòcheno: a (“a, an”); oa' (“one”)
    - Central Franconian: een, ein (Kölsch, Westerwald), ään (eastern Moselle Franconian)
      - Hunsrik: een
      - Luxembourgish: een
    - East Central German: ä, e
    - German: ein
    - Rhine Franconian: e (Hessian)
    - Yiddish: איין (eyn), אַ (a), אַן (an)
Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*ainaʀ)
- ⇒ Proto-Norse: *ᚨᛁᚾᚨᛚᚨᛁᛒᚨᛉ (*ainalaibaʀ)
- Old Norse: einn
  - Icelandic: einn
  - Faroese: ein
  - Norn: en
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ein
  - Dalecarlian: jenn
    - Elfdalian: ᛁᛆᚿ (ien)
  - Old Swedish: ēn
    - Swedish: en
  - Old Danish: en, æn
    - Danish: en
      - Norwegian Bokmål: en
    - Scanian: æn, én
  - Gutnish: en, ann, h'en
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aina-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 11

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aina-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 11