Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anadz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*anud-

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₂ts (“duck”). Cognate with Latin anas (“duck, drake”), Lithuanian ántis (“duck, mallard”), and Proto-Slavic *ǫty (“duck”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.nɑdz/

Noun

*anadz f

duck

Inflection

consonant stemDeclension of *anadz (consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*anadz	*anadiz
vocative	*anad	*anadiz
accusative	*anadų	*anadunz
genitive	*anadiz	*anadǫ̂
dative	*anadi	*anadumaz
instrumental	*anadē	*anadumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *anad, *anud, *anid
- Old English: ened, enid, æned, ænid
  - Middle English: ende, enede, hende, henede, heynd
    - Scots: ennet, annet, annot
    - English: ende, ennet, annet, annot
- Old Frisian: *ened, *aned
  - Saterland Frisian: Oante, Oande
  - West Frisian: ein
- Old Saxon: anud
  - Middle Low German: aned, ēnde
    - German Low German: Aant
    - Plautdietsch: Ent
- Old Dutch: ened
  - Middle Dutch: ent, eent, eynt
    - Dutch: eend
      - Afrikaans: eend
      - Jersey Dutch: êntśe (from the diminutive)
- Old High German: anut, aneta, enita
  - Middle High German: anet, ant, ente
    - Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: Ent
      Luxembourgish: Int
    - Rhine Franconian: Ent, Int
      Frankfurterisch: IPA
    - German: Ente
    - Alemannic German: Ant, Anete
    - Vilamovian: ant
Old Norse: ǫnd
- Icelandic: önd
- Faroese: ont
- Norwegian Nynorsk: and, ond
- Norwegian: (dialectal) ònd, ånd, ønd, ånt
- Norwegian Bokmål: and
- Old Swedish: and
  - Swedish: and
- Old Danish: *and (attested plural)
  - Danish: and

References

^ Ringe, D. (2017). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic Vol 1. 2^nd ed. Oxford: OUP. Pp. 98
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “41-2”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 41-2
^ Bennett. W.H. (1978). 'The Germanic reflex of Indo-European /ǝ/ in originally medial syllables', in Jazayery, M.A., Polomé, E., and Winter. W. (edd.), Linguistic and literary studies in honor of Archibald A. Hill. III: Historical and comparative linguistics (The Hague: Mouton) 13-8.
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*anad-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

[1] Ringe, D. (2017). From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic Vol 1. 2^nd ed. Oxford: OUP. Pp. 98

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “41-2”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 41-2

[3] Bennett. W.H. (1978). 'The Germanic reflex of Indo-European /ǝ/ in originally medial syllables', in Jazayery, M.A., Polomé, E., and Winter. W. (edd.), Linguistic and literary studies in honor of Archibald A. Hill. III: Historical and comparative linguistics (The Hague: Mouton) 13-8.

[4] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*anad-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 26

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anadz

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