Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bebruz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*beburaz^[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbe.βruz/

Noun

*bebruz m

beaver

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *bebruz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bebruz	*bibriwiz
vocative	*bebru	*bibriwiz
accusative	*bebrų	*bebrunz
genitive	*bebrauz	*bibriwǫ̂
dative	*bibriwi	*bebrumaz
instrumental	*bebrū	*bebrumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bebru
- Old English: befer, beofor, byfor, bebr, bebir, beber, befor, beofer, beuer
  - Middle English: bever, beauver, beever, befer, beofer, beuver, bevere, bevre, bevyr, bevyre, bewer, byvre
    - English: beaver
    - Scots: bever, baiver
    - → Irish: béabhar
- Old Frisian: *bever
  - North Frisian: biiber (or from German?)
  - West Frisian: bever
- Old Saxon: biƀar, biƀor
  - Middle Low German: bēver
    - Low German: Bever
    - Plautdietsch: Bieba (or from German?)
    - → Faroese: bævur
    - → Norwegian:
      - Norwegian Bokmål: bever
      - Norwegian Nynorsk: bever
    - → Old Swedish: bæver
      - Swedish: bäver
    - → Old Danish: biauær
      - Danish: bæver
      - → Icelandic: bifur
    - → Elfdalian: bäver
    - → Gutnish: bävar
- Old Dutch: *bevar
  - Middle Dutch: bēver
    - Dutch: bever
      - Afrikaans: bewer
    - Limburgish: baever
- Old High German: bibar, bibur
  - Middle High German: biber
    - German: Biber
      - → Luxembourgish: Biber
    - Hunsrik: Biver
    - Yiddish: ביבער (biber)
- → Old French: bievre (see there for further descendants)
Old Norse: bjórr
- Icelandic: bjór
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bjor
- Elfdalian: biuor
- Old Swedish: biūr
  - Swedish: bjur (obsolete)
- Old Danish: biūr, bifær
  - Danish: byr (obsolete)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bebura-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bebura-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

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