Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brewwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewh₁-, related to Ancient Greek ἀπέφρυσεν (apéphrusen, “brewed”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrew.wɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brewwaną

to brew

Inflection

Conjugation of *brewwaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*brewwō	*brewwaų	—	*brewwai	?
2nd singular	*briwwizi	*brewwaiz	*breww	*brewwazai	*brewwaizau
3rd singular	*briwwidi	*brewwai	*brewwadau	*brewwadai	*brewwaidau
1st dual	*brewwōz	*brewwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*brewwadiz	*brewwaidiz	*brewwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*brewwamaz	*brewwaim	—	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau
2nd plural	*briwwid	*brewwaid	*briwwid	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau
3rd plural	*brewwandi	*brewwain	*brewwandau	*brewwandai	*brewwaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*brau(w)	*bruwį̄
2nd singular	*brau(w)t	*bruwīz
3rd singular	*brau(w)	*bruwī
1st dual	*bruwū	*bruwīw
2nd dual	*bruwudiz	*bruwīdiz
1st plural	*bruwum	*bruwīm
2nd plural	*bruwud	*bruwīd
3rd plural	*bruwun	*bruwīn

	present	past
participles	*brewwandz	*bruwanaz

Related terms

*bruþą
*braudą (possibly)

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *breuwan
- Old English: brēowan
  - Middle English: brewen
    - Scots: brew
    - English: brew
- Old Frisian: briūwa
  - North Frisian: bruwen
  - West Frisian: brouwe
  - Saterland Frisian: bjoue
- Old Saxon: briuwan, breuwan
  - Middle Low German: bruwen, brouwen
    - Low German: bruen, bruggen, brauen, broen
- Old Dutch: *breuwan, *briuwan
  - Middle Dutch: bruwen, brouwen
    - Dutch: brouwen
      - Afrikaans: brou
- Old High German: briuwan
  - Middle High German: briuwen, brūwen
    - German: brauen
    - Luxembourgish: brauen
Old Norse: *bryggja (strong verb) (attested in brugginn (past participle)); brugga (weak verb)
- Icelandic: brugga
- Faroese: bryggja
- Middle Norwegian: bryggja
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: bryggja
- Old Swedish: bryggia
  - Swedish: brygga
- Danish: brygge
  - Norwegian Bokmål: brygge

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brewwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*brewwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*brewwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 76

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*brewwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brewwaną

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