Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bugjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Orel derives the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewgʰ- (“to bend; curve, arch”), with semantic shift "to bend" > "to take away, deliver" > "to deal, buy" comparable to that seen in Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō, “to turn, move”) > πωλέω (pōléō, “to sell”). Kroonen is skeptical of the proposed semantics, and leaves the origin open.

• IPA^(key): /ˈbuɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

*bugjaną^[1][2]

1. to deal; do business; exchange
2. to purchase; buy
3. to accept

• *kaupijaną, *kaupōną, *wihslōną

• Proto-West Germanic: *buggjan
  • Old English: byċġan, biċġan
    • Middle English: byen, bien, biggen, buggen
      • English: buy
      • Scots: by
      • Yola: bidge
  • Old Saxon: buggian, buggean
  • Old High German: *buggen
    • ⇒ Old High German: bugidi
    • ⇒ Old High German: bugihaft
• Old Norse: byggja (“to marry; to rent out (land, a farm, etc.)”)
  • Faroese: byggja
  • Icelandic: byggja^[3]
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: byggje (“to rent out; to hire (servants, workers)”)
  • Old Swedish: byggia (“to rent”)
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bugjan)